Why applications are still draining our batteries, and how we can help

Aaron Schulman, Stanford University

12:00pm Tuesday, 01 March 2016, ITE325b

Application developers lack tools to profile and compare the energy consumption of different software designs. This energy-optimization task is challenging because of unpredictable interactions between the application and increasingly complex power management logic. Yet, having accurate power information would allow application developers to both avoid inefficient designs and discover opportunities for new optimizations.

In this talk, I will show that it is possible to accurately measure system-level power and attribute it to application activities. I will present BattOr, a portable, easy-to-use power monitor that provides developers with a profile of the energy consumption of their designs—without modifications to hardware or software. I will show how Google developers are using BattOr to improve Chrome’s energy efficiency. I will also show how fine-grained understanding of cellular power at different signal strengths enables novel energy optimizations. Finally, I will describe my future plans to attribute system-level power to individual hardware components and to investigate opportunities presented by instrumenting every server in a data center with fine-grained power monitoring.

Aaron Schulman is a Postdoctoral Scholar at Stanford working with Sachin Katti; he earned his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Maryland, where he was advised by Neil Spring. His research interests are in low-power embedded systems, wireless communication, and network measurement. Aaron’s research on the BattOr power monitor has been funded by Google, is being commercialized by his startup Mellow Research, and is becoming Google’s de facto standard tool for measuring the energy consumption of the Chrome web browser. For his dissertation, Aaron provided the first observations of fundamental factors that limit the reliability of the Internet’s critical last-mile infrastructure. His dissertation was selected to receive the the 2013 ACM SIGCOMM Doctoral Dissertation Award.

CSEE professor Marie desJardins has received an Undergraduate Research Faculty Mentoring Award from the Computing Research Association (CRA). The award recognizes faculty who have provided exceptional mentorship, undergraduate research experiences, and, in parallel, guidance on admission and matriculation of undergraduate students to research-focused graduate programs in computing. The award will be presented to Dr. desJardins at the CRA Conference at Snowbird in July.

Dr. desJardins is a professor in UMBC’s Computer Science and Electrical Engineering department and Associate Dean of the College of Engineering and Information Technology. Her research is in the area of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer science education. Currently, her research group includes six undergraduates and five graduate students. Since 2005, she has mentored over 70 undergraduate students. At least 29 of them have enrolled in graduate programs in computing, with eight of the 29 having pursued a Ph.D. in computer science.

In announcing the award, the CRA noted that

“Many of the undergraduates Marie has mentored never imagined that they would be involved in research and consider graduate education. Marie’s strategy for working with undergraduate majors involves engaging with students in their first two years and building teams in which her more senior research students (graduate and undergraduate) help train and lead the junior students. She is known for her unconditional support, encouragement, and dedication. She encourages students from underrepresented minorities to get involved with national organizations and programs, including CRA-W, NCWIT, Grace Hopper, IJCAI and AAAI. She stays in touch with her mentees beyond their graduation, and she has helped some to become effective mentors themselves.”

This is the first year for the CRA Undergraduate Research Faculty Mentoring  Award, which was also given to Pieter Abbeel of the University of California, Berkeley and Judy Goldsmith from the University of Kentucky.

Founded in 1972, CRA‘s membership includes more than 200 North American organizations active in computing research: academic departments of computer science and computer engineering, laboratories and centers (industry, government, and academia), and affiliated professional societies (AAAI, ACM, CACS/AIC, IEEE Computer Society, SIAM, USENIX). Its mission is to enhance innovation by joining with industry, government and academia to strengthen research and advanced education in computing. CRA executes this mission by leading the computing research community, informing policymakers and the public, and facilitating the development of strong, diverse talent in the field.

Dr. Rick Forno, Cybersecurity Graduate Program Director and Assistant Director of the UMBC Center for Cybersecurity, offered comments to BBC Radio Five regarding the issue of Apple being compelled by a federal judge to facilitate FBI access to an encrypted iPhone used by one of the San Bernadino attackers.

During the interview, he provided initial reactions to this developing situation and what the longer-term ramifications for Apple, the FBI, and privacy generally. From his perspective, Forno thinks it is possible for Apple to update one specific device so that the Department of Justice can access the content on that device, which would allow Apple to comply with the order. However, Forno explains that the real issue involved is the question of the future. “What is to stop the FBI or law enforcement—state, local, global—from contacting Apple asking for the same consideration on other devices,” he says.

(The story’s lead-in starts at 1:05:30 followed by his comments via Skype a few minutes later.)

Leveraging Human Insights into
Problem Structure for Scientific Discovery

Ronan Le Bras, Cornell University

12:00pm 1:00pm Tuesday, 23 February 2016, ITE325b, UMBC

Most problems, from theoretical problems in combinatorics to real-world applications, comprise hidden structural properties not directly captured by the problem definition. A key to the recent progress in automated reasoning and combinatorial optimization has been to automatically uncover and exploit this hidden problem structure, resulting in a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of the problems within our reach. The most complex tasks, however, still require human abilities and ingenuity. In this talk, I will show how we can leverage human insights to effectively complement and dramatically boost state-of-the-art optimization techniques. I will demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach with a series of scientific discoveries, from experimental designs to materials discovery.

Ronan Le Bras is a Ph.D. candidate in computer science at Cornell University. He received his M.S. and B.S. from Ecole Polytechnique Montreal in computer engineering and in software engineering. His research interests include computational methods for large-scale combinatorial optimization, reasoning, learning and human computation. His work is motivated by a range of applications, especially in the emerging field of computational sustainability. It has led to a series of scientific discoveries in areas such as graph theory, combinatorics, and discrepancy theory as well as materials science, experimental design and conservation biology. His work appears in the proceedings of AAAI, IJCAI, HCOMP, SAT, CP and VLDB.

Host:  Tim Finin,

From Forensics to Security: Securing Complex
Systems through Data-driven Investigation

Dr. Robert Walls
Pennsylvania State University

1:00pm Friday, 19 February 2016, ITE 325b, UMBC

The cornerstone of modern security is understanding when and how systems are abused and exploited. Gathering such knowledge is essential as decades of experience demonstrate the infeasibility of building perfectly secure systems. Yet, the systems with the greatest need of securing—such as those underpinning critical Internet services—are often the most difficult to study.

In this talk, I will focus on my research efforts in digital forensics and security to study the abuse of complex and inter-connected systems. My work has focused on multiple aspects of this endeavor, including the analysis of partially structured data, the use of semantic relationships and investigator feedback to identify relevant information, and the transition of research results into practical tools and techniques.

Robert Walls is a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University. His research interests include systems security and digital forensics. He is currently studying the abuse of Internet infrastructure, including advertising networks and the Domain Name System (DNS). Previously, he worked with law enforcement to develop novel forensic techniques for investigating crimes. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2014. He is also a recipient of the Yahoo! Key Scientific Challenges Award.

Host: Tim Finin,

On Tuesday, April 12, 2016, the CS Matters in Maryland project and the Maryland State Department of Education will jointly host a CE21-Maryland Summit for Computing Education at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) campus in Baltimore, Maryland. This event invites the attendance of teachers, administrators, legislators, industry leaders, and others who have an interest in expanding computer science in Maryland schools. UMBC President Freeman Hrabowski will be the summit’s keynote speaker.

Register here for the Maryland computing education summit. The early registration deadline for this event is February 29. Participants who register by the early deadline will receive a confirmation email no later than March 12 indicating whether your registration is confirmed. Late registrations will be accepted and confirmed on a rolling basis. Walk-in registration will be available if capacity or cancellations permit. All registrations are subject to available capacity at the meeting venue.

More information including the schedule is available here.

Big Data/Data Science Programs at NSF

Chaitan Baru
Senior Advisor for Data Science, NSF CISE Directorate
10-11:00am Friday 12 February 2016, ITE 459, UMBC

This talk will provide an overview of current programs and activities related to Big Data and Data Science at NSF, and also highlight NSF’s inter-agency engagements in this topic area. The talk will also discuss future directions for Data Science research, education, and infrastructure. Considering that Data Science is a rapidly emerging, evolving field and discipline, ample time will be provided for Q&A and discussions about where the field ought to be going, given what we know today.

Dr. Chaitan Baru is currently a senior advisor for data science in the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate at the National Science Foundation. He is a Distinguished Scientist and Associate Director of Data Initiatives at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), UC San Diego where he works on applied and applications-oriented research problems related to data management and data analytics.

Dr. Baru has participated in a number of “data cyberinfrastructure” initiatives, including as Principal Investigator of the OpenTopography project; Cyberinfrastructure Lead, Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring network; Co-Investigator of the Cyberinfrastructure for Comparative Effectiveness Research project; Member of the founding Senior Management Team of the National Ecologial Observatory Network and Co-PI of the NEON Cyberinfrastructure Testbed; Co-PI of the CUAHSI Hydrologic Information Systems; Director, NEES Cyberinfrastructure Center; PI/Project Director, Geosciences Network; and member of the How Much Information? project.

Baru leads the Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Development Group at SDSC and is also Director of the Center for Large-scale Data Systems research. Prior to joining SDSC in 1996, Baru was at IBM, where he led one of the development teams for DB2 Parallel Edition Version 1 and at the University of Michigan, where he served on the faculty of the EECS Department. He received his B.Tech in Electronics Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, and M.E. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Florida, Gainesville.

CSEE professor Gymama Slaughter talked about her research to develop an implantable glucose sensor powered by chemical reactions in the human body at TEDxBaltimore in January. In her work in the UMBC Bioelectronics Laboratory, Slaughter concentrates on how chemical processes occurring naturally in the human body can power medical devices and eliminate the need for batteries in devices like blood glucose monitors. “If we could only remove batteries from the equation,” said Slaughter, “all of a sudden, we would have truly wearable and implantable sensors.”

Read more about her TEDxBaltimore talk here and see is starting at 25:50 in this video.

UMBC CSEE Seminar

A Neural Circuit Deconvolution Approach to Study Motivated Behavior

Dr. Joseph Cheer
Associate Professor, Deptartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology
and Department of Psychiatry
School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore

11:001am-12:00pm, Wednesday, 3 February 2016, ITE 325b

In order to examine relationships between subsecond dopamine signaling and nucleus accumbens (NAc) cell firing during reward-directed behaviors, the ideal experimental approach is to record postsynaptic neuronal firing from the same electrode used to measure dopamine release. We have demonstrated that these measurements are feasible using cylindrical carbon fiber electrodes that can voltammetrically detect the oxidation potential of dopamine and also measure single-units extracellularly or local field potentials (LFPs). Moreover, we have added iontophoresis barrels to the carbon-fiber microelectrode to allow localized, rapid drug delivery to examine the signal transduction utilized by postsynaptic neurons when dopamine release is detected. The drugs to be ejected out of the iontophoresis barrels are selected on the basis of effects of prior microinjections (such as dopamine receptor antagonists). Once a significant behavioral effect is observed following the microinjection, iontophoresis pipettes with the same compounds are loaded for ejection in other animals. Under these conditions ongoing behavior is unaltered allowing for a detailed neurobiological dissection of the particular microanatomical domain during specific times of the behavioral sequence. Finally we can now provide causality between the two simultaneously recorded measures, by applying the above mentioned to animals amenable to optogenetic interrogation of dopaminergic pathways. We will show that dopamine sculpts cue-related patterned neuronal activity as well as the power of the NAc LFP during reward seeking.

Dr. Joseph Cheer graduated from Universidad de los Andes (Bogota, Colombia) with a B.S in Biology and Mathematics in 1996. He joined the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Microsurgery at the Colombian Neurology Foundation where he worked for 1 year investigating CNS regeneration using oncogene-tranfected cells and sciatic nerve co-grafts in motor cortex-lesioned animals. Joe received his Ph.D from The University of Nottingham (Neuroscience Section of the School of Biomedical Sciences) under the direction of Profs Charles Marsden and Dave Kendall and Dr Rob Mason. Dr. Cheer’s graduate research focused on the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of cannabinoids.

Dr. Cheer’s first postdoc (2000-2002) was spent in Sam Deadwyler’s laboratory (Wake Forest University School of Medicine) where he conducted research on multiple single-unit electrophysiology in freely moving organisms. Joe joined Mark Wightman’s lab as a post doc in fall 2002 at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill). There, he established the use of a microelectrode that allows for the simultaneous measurement of single-unit activity and dopamine release via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry.

Dr. Cheer is currently a tenured associate professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, where he directs several NIH and private foundation-funded graduate and undergraduate projects related to several neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of endogenous cannabinoid signaling in intact systems.

Hosts: Professors Fow-Sen Choa () and Alan T. Sherman ()