Oracle8i SQLJ Developer's Guide and Reference
Release 8.1.5

A64684-01

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Preface

1 Overview

Introduction to SQLJ
Overview of SQLJ Components
SQLJ Translator and SQLJ Runtime
SQLJ Profiles
Overview of Oracle Extensions to the SQLJ Standard
Basic Translation Steps and Runtime Processing
Translation Steps
Runtime Processing
Summary of Translator Input and Output
Alternative Deployment Scenarios
Running SQLJ in Applets
Introduction to SQLJ in the Server
Using SQLJ with an Oracle Lite Database
Alternative Development Scenarios
SQLJ NLS Support
SQLJ in JDeveloper and Other IDEs
Windows Considerations

2 Getting Started

Assumptions and Requirements
Assumptions About Your Environment
Requirements for Using Oracle SQLJ
JServer Configuration
Checking the Installation and Configuration
Check for Installed Directories and Files
Set the PATH and CLASSPATH
Verify Installation of sqljutl Package
Testing the Setup
Set Up the Runtime Connection
Create a Table to Verify the Database
Verify the JDBC Driver
Verify the SQLJ Translator and Runtime
Verify the SQLJ Translator Connection to the Database

3 Basic Language Features

Overview of SQLJ Declarations
Rules for SQLJ Declarations
Iterator Declarations
Connection Context Declarations
Declaration IMPLEMENTS Clause
Declaration WITH Clause
Overview of SQLJ Executable Statements
Rules for SQLJ Executable Statements
SQLJ Clauses
Specifying Connection Context Instances and Execution Context Instances
Executable Statement Examples
PL/SQL Blocks in Executable Statements
Java Host Expressions, Context Expressions, and Result Expressions
Overview of Host Expressions
Basic Host Expression Syntax
Examples of Host Expression
Overview of Result Expressions and Context Expressions
Evaluation of Java Expressions at Runtime
Examples of Evaluation of Java Expressions at Runtime
Restrictions on Host Expressions
Single-Row Query Results--SELECT INTO Statements
Examples of SELECT INTO Statements
Examples with Host Expressions in SELECT-List
Multi-Row Query Results--SQLJ Iterators
Iterator Concepts
General Steps in Using an Iterator
Named Iterators vs. Positional Iterators
Using Named Iterators
Using Positional Iterators
Using Iterators and Result Sets as Host Variables
Using Iterators and Result Sets as Iterator Columns
Assignment Statements (SET)
Stored Procedure and Function Calls
Calling Stored Procedures
Calling Stored Functions
Using Iterators and Result Sets as Stored Function Returns

4 Key Programming Considerations

Naming Requirements and Restrictions
Java Namespace--Local Variable and Class Naming Restrictions
SQLJ Namespace
SQL Namespace
File Name Requirements and Restrictions
Selection of the JDBC Driver
About Oracle JDBC Drivers
Driver Selection for Translation
Driver Selection and Registration for Runtime
Connection Considerations
Single Connection or Multiple Connections Using DefaultContext
Multiple Connections Using Declared Connection Context Classes
More About the Oracle Class
More About the DefaultContext Class
Connection for Translation and Runtime
Null-Handling
Wrapper Classes for Null-Handling
Examples of Null-Handling
Exception-Handling Basics
SQLJ/JDBC Exception-Handling Requirements
Processing Exceptions
Using SQLException Subclasses
Basic Transaction Control
About Transactions
Automatic Commits vs. Manual Commits
Specifying Auto-Commit As You Define a Connection
Modifying Auto-Commit in an Existing Connection
Using Manual COMMIT and ROLLBACK
Effect of Commit and Rollback on Iterators and Result Sets
Summary: First Steps in SQLJ Code
Import Required Classes
Register JDBC Drivers and Set Default Connection
Set Up Exception Handling
Set Up Host Variables, Execute SQLJ Clause, Process Results
Example of Single-Row Query using SELECT INTO
Set Up Named Iterator
Example of Multiple-Row Query Using Named Iterator

5 Type Support

Supported Types for Host Expressions
Supported Types for Oracle8i
Wrapping PL/SQL BOOLEAN, RECORD, and TABLE Types
Backwards Compatibility for Oracle 8.0.5 and 7.3.4
Support for Streams
General Use of SQLJ Streams
Using SQLJ Streams to Send Data to the Database
Retrieving Data into Streams--Precautions
Using SQLJ Streams to Retrieve Data from the Database
Processing SQLJ Streams
Examples of Retrieving and Processing Stream Data
SQLJ Stream Objects as Output Parameters and Function Return Values
Stream Class Methods
Oracle Type Extensions
Package oracle.sql
Support for BLOB, CLOB, and BFILE
Support for Oracle ROWID
Support for Oracle REF CURSOR Types
Support for Other Oracle8i Datatypes
Extended Support for BigDecimal

6 Objects and Collections

Introduction
About Oracle Objects and Collections
Oracle Object Fundamentals
Oracle Collection Fundamentals
Object and Collection Datatypes
About Custom Java Classes and the CustomDatum Interface
CustomDatum and CustomDatumFactory Specifications
Custom Java Class Support for Object Methods
Custom Java Class Requirements
Compiling Custom Java Classes
Reading and Writing Custom Data
Additional Uses for Custom Java Classes
User-Defined Types in the Database
Creating Object Types
Creating Collection Types
JPublisher and the Creation of Custom Java Classes
What JPublisher Produces
Generating Custom Java Classes
Using JPublisher Input Files and Properties Files
Creating Custom Java Classes and Specifying Member Names
JPublisher Implementation of Wrapper Methods
JPublisher Custom Java Class Examples
Extending or Wrapping Classes Generated by JPublisher
Strongly Typed Objects and References in SQLJ Executable Statements
Selecting Objects and Object References into Iterator Columns
Updating an Object
Inserting an Object Created from Individual Object Attributes
Updating an Object Reference
Strongly Typed Collections in SQLJ Executable Statements
Accessing Nested Tables--TABLE syntax and CURSOR syntax
Inserting a Row that Includes a Nested Table
Selecting a Nested Table into a Host Expression
Manipulating a Nested Table Using TABLE Syntax
Selecting Data from a Nested Table Using a Nested Iterator
Selecting a VARRAY into a Host Expression
Inserting a Row that Includes a VARRAY
Serializing Java Objects through Custom Java Classes
SerializableDatum (Step by Step Example)
SerializableDatum in SQLJ Applications
SerializableDatum (Complete Class)
Weakly Typed Objects, References, and Collections
Support for Weakly Typed Objects, References, and Collections
Restrictions on Weakly Typed Objects, References, and Collections

7 Advanced Language Features

Connection Contexts
Connection Context Concepts
When to Declare Connection Contexts
Declaring and Using a Connection Context Class
Example of Multiple Connection Contexts
Implementation and Functionality of Connection Context Classes
Use of the IMPLEMENTS Clause in Connection Context Declarations
Semantics-Checking of Your Connection Context Usage
Execution Contexts
Relation of Execution Contexts to Connection Contexts
Creating and Specifying Execution Context Instances
Execution Context Synchronization
ExecutionContext Methods
Relation of Execution Contexts to Multithreading
Multithreading in SQLJ
Iterator Class Implementation and Advanced Functionality
Implementation and Functionality of Iterator Classes
Use of the IMPLEMENTS Clause in Iterator Declarations
Advanced Transaction Control
SET TRANSACTION Syntax
Access Mode Settings
Isolation Level Settings
Using JDBC Connection Class Methods
SQLJ and JDBC Interoperability
SQLJ Connection Context and JDBC Connection Interoperability
SQLJ Iterator and JDBC Result Set Interoperability

8 Translator Command Line and Options

Translator Command Line and Properties Files
SQLJ Options, Flags, and Prefixes
Command-Line Syntax and Operations
Properties Files for Option Settings
SQLJ_OPTIONS Environment Variable for Option Settings
Order of Precedence of Option Settings
Basic Translator Options
Basic Options for Command Line Only
Options for Output Files and Directories
Connection Options
Reporting and Line-Mapping Options
Advanced Translator Options
Prefixes that Pass Option Settings to Other Executables
Flags for Special Processing
Semantics-Checking Options
Translator Support and Options for Alternative Environments
Required Compiler Behavior
Java and Compiler Options
Customization Options

9 Translator and Runtime Functionality

Internal Translator Operations
Code-Parsing and Syntax-Checking
Semantics-Checking
Code Generation
Java Compilation
Profile Customization
Functionality of Translator Errors, Messages, and Exit Codes
Translator Error, Warning, and Information Messages
Translator Status Messages
Translator Exit Codes
SQLJ Runtime
Runtime Packages
Categories of Runtime Errors
NLS Support in the Translator and Runtime
Character Encoding and Language Support
SQLJ and Java Settings for Character Encoding and Language Support
NLS Manipulation Outside of SQLJ

10 Profiles and Customization

More About Profiles
Creation of a Profile During Code Generation
Sample Profile Entry
More About Profile Customization
Overview of the Customizer Harness and Customizers
Steps in the Customization Process
Creation and Registration of a Profile Customization
Customization Error and Status Messages
Functionality of a Customized Profile at Runtime
Customization Options and Choosing a Customizer
General Customizer Harness Options
Customizer-Specific Options (Oracle Customizer)
SQLJ Options for Profile Customization
Use of .jar Files for Profiles
.jar File Requirements
.jar File Results

11 SQLJ in the Server

Introduction
Creating SQLJ Code for Use in the Server
Database Connections in the Server
Coding Issues Relating to the JDBC Server-Side Driver
Server-Side Default Output Device
Translating SQLJ Source on Client and Loading Components
Loading Classes and Resources into the Server
Naming of Class and Resource Schema Objects
Additional Steps After Loading Class and Resource Files
Steps in Running a Client Application in the Server
Loading SQLJ Source and Translating in the Server
Loading SQLJ Source Code into the Server
Option Support in the Server Embedded Translator
Generated Output from loadjava and the Server Embedded Translator
Error Output from the Server Embedded Translator
Additional Steps After Loading Source Files
Checking Java Uploads
Full Names vs. Short Names in the Server
Using the USER_OBJECTS View
About Class Loading, Compiling, and Name Resolution
SQL Names vs. Java Names
Java Name Resolution
Dropping Java Schema Objects
Additional Considerations
Java Multithreading in the Server
Recursive SQLJ Calls in the Server
Verifying that Code is Running in the Server
Additional Vehicles for SQLJ in the Server
Enterprise JavaBeans
CORBA Server Objects

12 Sample Applications

Properties Files
Runtime Connection Properties File
SQLJ Translator Properties File
Basic Samples
Named Iterator--NamedIterDemo.sqlj
Positional Iterator--PosIterDemo.sqlj
Host Expressions--ExprDemo.sqlj
Object, Collection, and CustomDatum Samples
Definition of Object and Collection Types
Oracle Objects--ObjectDemo.sqlj
Oracle Nested Tables--NestedDemo1.sqlj and NestedDemo2.sqlj
Oracle VARRAYs--VarrayDemo1.sqlj and VarrayDemo2.sqlj
General Use of CustomDatum--BetterDate.java
Advanced Samples
REF CURSOR--RefCursDemo.sqlj
Multithreading--MultiThreadDemo.sqlj
Interoperability with JDBC--JDBCInteropDemo.sqlj
Multiple Connection Schemas--MultiSchemaDemo.sqlj
Data Manipulation and Multiple Connection Contexts--QueryDemo.sqlj
Prefetch Demo--PrefetchDemo.sqlj
Server-Side Samples
SQLJ in the Server--ServerDemo.sqlj
JDBC versus SQLJ Sample Code
JDBC Version of the Sample Code
SQLJ Version of the Sample Code

A Performance and Debugging

Performance Enhancements
Row Prefetching
Oracle SQL Optimizer
AuditorInstaller Customizer for Debugging
About Auditors and Code Layers
Invoking AuditorInstaller with the Customizer Harness -debug Option
AuditorInstaller Options
Full Command-Line Examples
AuditorInstaller Runtime Output
Additional SQLJ Debugging Considerations
SQLJ -linemap Flag
Server-Side debug Option
Developing and Debugging in JDeveloper

B SQLJ Error Messages

Translation Time Messages
Runtime Messages


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