Oracle Server Administrator's Guide
Release 8.0
A54641_01

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Index

A

abort
shutting down an instance, 3-11
access
data
managing, 21-1
system privileges, 21-2
database
controling, 20-1
database administrator account, 1-4
granting privileges, 21-17
restricting, 3-4
revoking privileges, 21-20
object
granting privileges, 21-18
privilege types, 21-10
revoking privileges, 21-20
accounts
operating-system
database administrator, 1-4
role identification, 21-25
user
SYS and SYSTEM, 1-5
Add Datafiles to Tablespace dialog, 9-5
Add Online Redo Log Group dialog box, 5-5
Add Online Redo Log Member dialog, 5-6
ADD PARTITION clause
ALTER TABLE command, 11-5
ADMIN OPTION
about, 21-17
revoking, 21-20
AFTER triggers
auditing and, 22-21
ALERT file
about, 4-13
location of, 4-14
session high water mark in, 20-6
size of, 4-14
using, 4-13
when written, 4-14
ALL_INDEXES view
filling with data, 17-5
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS view
filling with data, 17-6
ALL_TABLES view
filling with data, 17-5
allocation
extents, 12-9
extents for clusters, 15-10
minimizing extents for rollback segments, 18-14
multi-threaded server and, 4-5
temporary space, 12-6
alphanumeric datatypes, 10-17
ALTER CLUSTER command
ALLOCATE EXTENT option, 15-10
MAXTRANS option, 10-9
using for hash clusters, 16-9
using for index clusters, 15-9
ALTER DATABASE command
ADD LOG MEMBER option, 5-6
ADD LOGFILE option, 5-5
ARCHIVELOG option, 23-5
database partially available to users, 3-6
DATAFILE...OFFLINE DROP option, 9-8
DROP LOGFILE MEMBER option, 5-10
DROP LOGFILE option, 5-9
MOUNT option, 3-7
NOARCHIVELOG option, 23-5
OPEN option, 3-7
RENAME FILE option
datafiles for multiple tablespaces, 9-10
ALTER FUNCTION command
COMPILE option, 17-26
ALTER INDEX command, 11-10
about, 14-8
MAXTRANS option, 10-9
MOVE PARTITION clause, 11-5
REBUILD PARTITION clause, 11-5, 11-14
ALTER PACKAGE command
COMPILE option, 17-26
ALTER PROCEDURE command
COMPILE option, 17-26
ALTER PROFILE command
altering resource limits, 20-19
COMPOSITE_LIMIT option, 20-20
Alter Profile dialog, 20-19
ALTER RESOURCE COST command, 20-21
ALTER ROLE command
changing authorization method, 21-15
Alter Role dialog, 21-15
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT command
changing storage parameters, 18-9
OFFLINE option, 18-12
ONLINE option, 18-11-18-12
PUBLIC option, 18-10
STORAGE clause, 18-10
Alter Rollback Segment Storage dialog, 18-9
ALTER SEQUENCE command, 13-11
ALTER SESSION command
SET SQL_TRACE parameter, 4-13
ALTER SYSTEM command
ARCHIVE LOG ALL option, 23-8
ARCHIVE LOG START option, specifying destination, 23-13
ARCHIVE LOG STOP option, 23-8
CHECKPOINT option, 5-13
ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION option, 3-8
SET LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS option, 20-4
SET LICENSE_MAX_USERS option, 20-6
SET LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING option, 20-4
SET MTS_DISPATCHERS option, 4-9
SET MTS_SERVERS option, 4-9
SET RESOURCE_LIMIT option, 20-22
SWITCH LOGFILE option, 5-13
ALTER TABLE command
ADD PARTITION clause, 11-5
ALLOCATE EXTENT option, 12-9
DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS option, 17-13
DISABLE integrity constraint option, 17-20
DROP integrity constraint option, 17-21
DROP PARTITION clause, 11-6
ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS option, 17-12
ENABLE integrity constraint option, 17-20-17-21
example, 12-8
MAXTRANS option, 10-9
MODIFY PARTITION clause, 11-4
SPLIT PARTITION clause, 11-5, 11-9
TRUNCATE PARTITION clause, 11-8
ALTER TABLESPACE command
ADD DATAFILE parameter, 9-5
ONLINE option
example, 8-8
READ ONLY option, 8-10
READ WRITE option, 8-12
RENAME DATA FILE option, 9-9
ALTER TRIGGER command
DISABLE option, 17-12
ENABLE option, 17-12
ALTER USER command
changing passwords with, 20-16
Alter User dialog, 20-15
ALTER USER privilege, 20-15
ALTER VIEW command
COMPILE option, 17-26
altering
cluster indexes, 15-9
clustered tables, 15-9
clusters, 15-8
database status, 3-6
hash clusters, 16-9
indexes, 14-8
passwords, 20-16
public rollback segments, 18-10
rollback segment storage parameters, 18-9
sequences, 13-11
storage parameters, 12-8
tables, 12-7-12-8
tablespace storage, 8-6
users, 20-15
ANALYZE command
CASCADE option, 17-8
COMPUTE STATISTICS option, 17-7
ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE option, 17-7
LIST CHAINED ROWS option, 17-9
number of cluster keys, A-14
shared SQL and, 17-8
STATISTICS option, 17-4
VALIDATE STRUCTURE option, 17-8
analyzing objects
about, 17-4
privileges, 17-4
application administrator, 1-3
database administrator versus, 19-11
application developers
privileges for, 19-9
roles for, 19-10
application development
security for, 19-10
applications
quiescing during maintenance operations, 11-15
ARCHIVE LOG command
LIST parameter, 5-8
archived redo log
archiving modes, 23-5
automatic archiving, 23-6
automatic, disabling archiving, 23-7
default filename format, 23-13
enabling automatic archiving, 23-6
filename format, 23-12
listing status, 23-10
setting archive destination, 23-13
specifying archive destination, 23-12
ARCHIVELOG mode
archiving, 23-2
enabling, 23-5
setting at database creation, 23-4
taking datafiles offline and online in, 9-8
archiving
advantages, 23-2
automatic
disabling, 23-7
disabling after setup, 23-8
disabling at startup, 23-7
enabling, 23-6
changing mode, 23-5
default file name format, 23-13
disadvantages, 23-2
enabling and disabling, 23-4
enabling automatic, 23-6
increasing speed of, 23-10
manually, 23-8
minimizing impact on system performance, 23-9
privileges
disabling, 23-7
enabling, 23-6
for manually archiving, 23-8
specifying destination, 23-12
tuning, 23-9
viewing information on, 23-10
AUDIT command, 22-10
schema objects, 22-11
statement auditing, 22-10
system privileges, 22-10
audit trail, 22-14
archiving, 22-15
auditing changes to, 22-17
controlling size of, 22-14
creating and deleting, 22-4
deleting views, 22-5
interpreting, 22-17
maximum size of, 22-15
protecting integrity of, 22-16
purging records from, 22-15
recording changes to, 22-17
records in, 22-7
reducing size of, 22-16
table that holds, 22-2
views on, 22-5
AUDIT_TRAIL parameter
setting, 22-14
auditing, 22-2
AUDIT command, 22-10
audit option levels, 22-8
audit trail records, 22-6
default options, 22-11
disabling default options, 22-13
disabling options, 22-12-22-13
disabling options versus auditing, 22-12
enabling options, 22-10, 22-13
enabling options versus auditing, 22-10
guidelines, 22-2
historical information, 22-4
keeping information manageable, 22-2
managing the audit trail, 22-4
operating-system audit trails, 22-7
policies for, 19-19
privilege audit options, 22-9
privileges required for object, 22-12
privileges required for system, 22-11
schema object types, 22-9
schema objects, 22-11
session level, 22-8
shortcuts for object, 22-10
shortcuts for system, 22-8
statement, 22-10
statement level, 22-8
suspicious activity, 22-3
system privileges, 22-10
triggers and, 22-21
using the database, 22-2
viewing
active object options, 22-19
active privilege options, 22-19
active statement options, 22-18
defauly object options, 22-20
views, 22-5
authentication
changing, 20-16
database managed, 20-7
operating system, 1-7
password file, 1-9
password policy, 19-4
specifying when creating a user, 20-12
users, 19-2, 20-7, 20-9
authorization
changing for roles, 21-15
omitting for roles, 21-15
operating-system role management and, 21-15
roles
about, 21-14
multi-threaded server and, 21-15
automatic archiving
archive log destination, 23-6


B

background processes
Oracle7 processes, 4-12
BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST parameter, 4-14
backups
after creating new databases
full backups, 2-7
guidelines, 1-20
before database creation, 2-4
effects of archiving on, 23-2
Begin Manual Archive dialog box, 23-8
branch blocks
space required, A-8
bringing online
tablespaces, 8-8
broken jobs
about, 7-12
marking, 7-12
running, 7-13
buffers
buffer cache in SGA, 2-11
bug fixes, 1-21


C

CASCADE option
integrity constraints, 15-11
when dropping unique or primary keys, 17-20
cascading revokes, 21-21
CATAUDIT.SQL
running, 22-5
CATBLOCK.SQL script, 4-11
CATNOAUD.SQL
running, 22-5
CHAR datatype
increasing column length, 12-8
space use of, 10-17
character sets
multi-byte characters
in role names, 21-12
in role passwords, 21-14
in user names, 20-12
user passwords and, 20-12
parameter file and, 3-12
specifying when creating a database, 2-2
supported by Oracle, 10-17
CHECK constraint, 17-19
checkpoint process (CKPT)
starting, 4-15
CHECKPOINT_PROCESS parameter
setting, 4-15
checkpoints
controlling, 5-10
fast checkpoint, 5-13
forcing, 5-13
log switches and, 5-10
setting intervals, 5-11
checksums
for data blocks, 9-12
for redo blocks, 5-13
CKPT, 4-15
CLEAR LOGFILE clause, 5-14
clearing log files, 5-14
cluster keys
ANALYZE command and, A-14
columns for, 15-4
SIZE parameter, 15-5
clustered tables, 15-10
clusters
allocating extents, 15-10
altering, 15-8
analyzing statistics, 17-4
choosing data, 15-4
columns for cluster key, 15-4
creating, 15-7
dropped tables and, 12-10
dropping, 15-10
estimating space, 15-5-15-6, A-9
guidelines for managing, 15-4
hash
contrasted with index, 16-2
hash clusters, 16-1
index
contrasted with hash, 16-2
index creation, 15-8
indexes and, 14-2
keys, 15-2
location, 15-5
managing, 15-1
overview of, 15-2
privileges
for controling, 21-10
for creating, 15-6
for dropping, 15-10
specifying PCTFREE for, 10-4
storage parameters, 10-10
truncating, 17-9
validating structure, 17-8
columns
displaying information about, 17-33
granting privileges for selected, 21-18
granting privileges on, 21-19
increasing length, 12-8
INSERT privilege and, 21-19
listing users granted to, 21-29
privileges, 21-19
revoking privileges on, 21-21
composite limits, 20-20
costs and, 20-21
service units, 20-20
COMPUTE STATISTICS option, 17-7
configuring an instance
with dedicated server processes, 4-2
CONNECT role, 21-13
connecting
administrator privileges, 3-9
to a database as INTERNAL, 3-2
connections
auditing, 22-8
dedicated servers, 4-3
during shutdown, 3-9
control files
adding, 6-5
changing size, 6-4
conflicts with data dictionary, 6-8
creating
about, 6-3
additional control files, 6-5
initially, 6-4
new files, 6-5
default name, 2-10, 6-4
dropping, 6-9
errors during creation, 6-9
guidelines for, 6-2
importance of mirrored, 6-2
location of, 6-3
managing, 6-1
mirroring, 2-10
moving, 6-5
names, 6-2
number of, 6-3
overwriting existing, 2-10
relocating, 6-5
renaming, 6-5
requirement of one, 6-3
size of, 6-3
specifying names before database creation, 2-10
unavailable during startup, 3-3
CONTROL_FILES parameter
overwriting existing control files, 2-10
setting
before database creation, 2-10, 6-4
names for, 6-2
costs
resource limits and, 20-21
CREATE CLUSTER command
example, 15-7
for hash clusters, 16-5
HASH IS option, 16-6
HASHKEYS option, 16-7
SIZE option, 16-6, A-13
CREATE CONTROLFILE command
about, 6-5
checking for inconsistencies, 6-8
NORESETLOGS option, 6-7
RESETLOGS option, 6-7
CREATE DATABASE command
CONTROLFILE REUSE option, 6-4
example, 2-7
MAXLOGFILES option, 5-4
MAXLOGMEMBERS option, 5-4
CREATE INDEX command
explicitly, 14-8
ON CLUSTER option, 15-8
temporary space required, A-9
UNRECOVERABLE, 14-5
with a constraint, 14-7
CREATE PROFILE command
about, 20-18
COMPOSITE_LIMIT option, 20-20
Create Profile dialog, 20-18
CREATE ROLE command
IDENTIFIED BY option, 21-14
IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY option, 21-14
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT command
about, 18-8
tuning guidelines, 2-15
Create Rollback Segment dialog, 18-8
CREATE SCHEMA command
multiple tables and views, 17-2
privileges required, 17-2
CREATE SEQUENCE command, 13-10
CREATE SYNONYM command, 13-12
CREATE TABLE command
about, 12-6
CLUSTER option, 15-7
PARTITION clause, 11-2
UNRECOVERABLE, 12-4
CREATE TABLESPACE command
datafile names in, 8-5
example, 8-4
Create Tablespace dialog, 8-4
CREATE USER command
IDENTIFIED BY option, 20-12
IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY option, 20-12
CREATE VIEW command
about, 13-2
OR REPLACE option, 13-9
WITH CHECK OPTION, 13-3
creating
audit trail, 22-4
cluster index, 15-7
clustered tables, 15-7
clusters, 15-7
control files, 6-3
database, 1-19, 2-1
archiving mode, 23-4
backing up the new database, 2-7
during installation, 2-3
executing CREATE DATABASE, 2-6
migration from different versions, 2-3
preparing to, 2-2
prerequisites for, 2-3
problems encountered while, 2-8
datafiles, 8-3, 9-5
hash clustered tables, 16-5
hash clusters, 16-5
indexes
explicitly, 14-8
multiple objects, 17-2
online redo log groups, 5-5
parameter file, 2-4
partitioned objects, 11-2
partitioned tables, 11-2
profiles, 20-18
redo log members, 5-6
rollback segments
about, 18-8
specifying storage parameters, 18-8
sequences, 13-10
synonyms, 13-12
tables, 12-6
tablespaces, 8-3
rollback segments required, 8-5
views, 13-2


D

data
security of, 19-4
data blocks
altering size of, 2-11
managing space usage of, 10-2
managing space use of, 10-2
operating system blocks versus, 2-11
PCTFREE storage parameter, 10-3
PCTUSED storage parameter, 10-5
shared in clusters, 15-2
size of, 2-11
verifying, 9-12
data dictionary
changing storage parameters, 17-30
conflicts with control files, 6-8
dropped tables and, 12-10
schema object views, 17-31
segments in the, 17-28
setting storage parameters of, 17-27
V$DBFILE view, 2-8
V$DISPATCHER view, 4-9
V$LOGFILE view, 2-8
V$QUEUE view, 4-9
data integrity, 17-19
integrity constraints, 17-19
database administrator, 1-2
application administrator versus, 19-11
initial priorities, 1-17
operating-system account, 1-4
password files for, 1-7
responsibilities of, 1-2
roles
about, 1-6
for security, 19-8
security and privileges of, 1-4
security for, 19-7
security officer versus, 1-3, 19-2
usernames, 1-5
utilities for, 1-16
database links
job queues and, 7-9
privileges for controlling, 21-10
databases
administering, 1-1
auditing, 22-1
availability, 3-6
backing up
after creation of, 1-20
full backups, 2-7
control files of, 6-2
CREATE DATABASE command, 2-7
creating
about, 2-1
opening and, 1-19
trouble-shooting problems, 2-8
design of
implementing, 1-20
dropping, 2-8
exclusive mode, 3-5
global database name
about, 2-9
global database names
in a distributed system, 2-9
hardware evaluation, 1-18
logical structure of, 1-19
managing
size of, 9-1
migration of, 2-3
mounting a database, 3-3
mounting to an instance, 3-7
name
starting an instance, 3-2
names
about, 2-9
conflicts in, 2-9
opening
a closed database, 3-7
parallel mode, 3-5
physical structure of, 1-19
planning, 1-18
production, 19-10-19-11
renaming, 6-5
restricting access to, 3-4, 3-7
shutting down, 3-9
specifying control files, 2-10
starting up
before database creation, 2-6
general procedures for, 3-2
parameter filenames, 3-3
restricting access, 3-4
structure of
distributed database, 1-19
test, 19-10
tuning
archiving large databases, 23-9
responsibilities for, 1-20
user responsibilities, 1-3
viewing datafiles and redo log files, 2-8
datafiles
adding to a tablespace, 9-5
bringing online and offline, 9-7
checking associated tablespaces, 8-15
creating, 8-3
database administratorsaccessto', 1-4
default directory, 9-5
dropping, 8-13
NOARCHIVELOG mode, 9-8
fully specifying filenames, 9-5
identifying filenames, 9-11
location, 9-4
managing, 9-1
maximum number of, 9-2
minimum number of, 9-2
MISSING, 6-8
monitoring, 9-13
offline, 9-8
online, 9-8
privileges to rename, 9-9
privileges to take offline, 9-8
relocating, 9-9-9-10
relocating, example, 9-11
renaming, 9-9-9-10
renaming for single tables, 9-9
reusing, 9-5
size of, 9-4
storing separately from redo log files, 9-4
unavailable when database is opened, 3-3
verifying data blocks, 9-12
viewing
general status of, 9-13
V$DBFILE and V$LOGFILE views, 2-8
datatypes
character, 10-17
DATE, 10-18
individual type names, 10-17
LONG, 10-18
NUMBER, 10-17
ROWID, 10-19
space use of, 10-17
summarized, 10-20
DATE datatype, 10-18
DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS parameter
setting before database creation, 2-11
DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM, 9-12
DB_BLOCK_SIZE parameter
database buffer cache size and, 2-11
setting before creation, 2-11
DB_DOMAIN parameter
setting before database creation, 2-9
DB_NAME parameter
MTS_SERVICE and, 4-6
setting before database creation, 2-9
DBA, 1-2
DBA role, 1-6, 21-13
DBA_DATA_FILES, 8-14, 9-13
DBA_EXTENTS, 9-13
DBA_FREE_SPACE, 8-14, 9-13
DBA_FREE_SPACE_COALESCED view, 8-7
DBA_INDEXES view
filling with data, 17-5
DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS view, 18-15
DBA_SEGMENTS, 8-14, 9-13
DBA_TAB_COLUMNS view
filling with data, 17-6
DBA_TABLES view
filling with data, 17-5
DBA_TABLESPACES, 8-14, 9-13
DBA_TABLESPACES view, 8-13
DBA_TS_QUOTAS, 8-14, 9-13
DBA_USERS, 8-14, 9-13
DBMS_JOB package
altering a job, 7-11
forcing jobs to execute, 7-13
job queues and, 7-3
REMOVE procedure and, 7-10
submitting jobs, 7-4
DBMS_UTILITY.ANALYZE_SCHEMA()
running, 17-8
dedicated server processes
configuring, 4-2
connecting with, 4-3
trace files for, 4-13
dedicated servers
multi-threaded servers contrasted with, 4-3
default
archive log filename format, 23-13
audit options, 22-11
disabling, 22-13
profile, 20-19
role, 20-16
tablespace quota, 20-14
temporary tablespace, 20-13
user tablespaces, 20-13
deleting
table statistics, 17-4
dependencies
displaying, 17-33
developers, application, 19-9
disabling
archiving, 23-4
audit options, 22-12-22-13
auditing, 22-13
automatic archiving, 23-7
integrity constraints, 17-19
effects on indexes, 14-6
resource limits, 20-22
triggers, 17-12
disconnections
auditing, 22-8
dispatcher processes
calculating maximum number of, 4-7
number to start, 4-6
privileges to change number of, 4-10
removing, 4-9
service name, 4-6
setting the number of, 4-9
spawning new, 4-9
distributed databases
running in ARCHIVELOG mode, 23-3
running in NOARCHIVELOG mode, 23-3
starting a remote instance, 3-6
distributed processing
parameter file location in, 3-13
distributing I/O, 2-16
DROP CLUSTER command
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS option, 15-11
dropping
cluster with no tables, 15-11
hash cluster, 16-9
INCLUDING TABLES option, 15-11
Drop Online Redo Log dialog, 5-9
Drop Online Redo Log Member dialog box, 5-10
DROP PARTITION clause
ALTER TABLE command, 11-6
DROP PROFILE command, 20-21
Drop Profile dialog, 20-21
DROP ROLE command, 21-16
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT command, 18-14
Drop Rollback Segment dialog, 18-14
DROP SYNONYM command, 13-12
DROP TABLE command
about, 12-9
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS option, 12-9
for clustered tables, 15-11
DROP TABLESPACE command, 8-13
Drop Tablespace dialog box, 8-13
DROP USER command, 20-17
Drop User dialog, 20-17
DROP USER privilege, 20-17
dropping
audit trail, 22-4
cluster indexes, 15-10
clusters, 15-10
control files, 6-9
databases, 2-8
datafiles, 8-13
hash clusters, 16-9
index partition, 11-7
indexes, 14-10
integrity constraints
about, 17-21
effects on indexes, 14-6
online redo log groups, 5-8
online redo log members, 5-9
profiles, 20-21
roles, 21-16
rollback segments, 18-11, 18-14
sequences, 13-11
synonyms, 13-12
table partitions, 11-6
tables, 12-9
tablespaces
about, 8-13
required privileges, 8-13
users, 20-17
views, 13-9
dynamic performance tables
using, 4-12


E

enabling
archiving, 23-4
auditing options
about, 22-10
privileges for, 22-13
integrity constraints
at creation, 17-19
example, 17-19
reporting exceptions, 17-22
when violations exist, 17-15
resource limits, 20-22
triggers, 17-12
encryption
Oracle passwords, 20-7
enroll
database users, 1-20
Enterprise, 1-16
Enterprise Manager
operating system account, 1-4
Enterpsie Manager, 1-16
environment of a job, 7-6
errors
ALERT file and, 4-13
during startup, 3-3
ORA-00028, 4-20
ORA-00114, 4-6
ORA-01090, 3-9
ORA-01173, 6-9
ORA-01176, 6-9
ORA-01177, 6-9
ORA-1215, 6-9
ORA-1216, 6-9
ORA-1547, 17-30
ORA-1628 through 1630, 17-30
snapshot too old, 18-6
trace files and, 4-13
when creating a database, 2-8
when creating control file, 6-9
while starting an instance, 3-5
ESTIMATE STATISTICS option, 17-7
estimating size
hash clusters, 16-4
tables, 12-5, A-4
evaluating
hardware for the Oracle7 Server, 1-18
example
creating constraints, 17-19
examples
altering an index, 14-8
exceptions
integrity constraints, 17-22
exclusive mode
of the database, 3-5
rollback segments and, 18-3
terminating remaining user sessions, 4-19
EXP_FULL_DATABASE role, 21-13
Export utility
about, 1-17
restricted mode and, 3-4
exporting jobs, 7-7
extents
allocating
clusters, 15-10
index creation, 14-6
tables, 12-9
data dictionary views for, 17-31
displaying free extents, 17-35
displaying information on, 17-34
dropped tables and, 12-10


F

fast checkpoint, 5-13
files
OS limit on number open, 8-2
Force Checkpoint menu option, 5-13
Force Log Switch menu option, 5-13
FOREIGN KEY constraint
enabling, 17-19
free space
coalescing, 8-6
listing free extents, 17-35
tablespaces and, 8-15
functions
recompiling, 17-26


G

global database name, 2-9
global index
dropping partition with, 11-6, 11-8
splitting partition in, 11-10
global user, 20-10
GRANT command
ADMIN option, 21-17
GRANT option, 21-18
object privileges, 21-18
SYSOPER/SYSDBA privileges, 1-13
system privileges and roles, 21-17
when takes effect, 21-23
GRANT OPTION
about, 21-18
revoking, 21-20
granting privileges and roles
listing grants, 21-27
shortcuts for object privileges, 21-11
SYSOPER/SYSDBA privileges, 1-13
guidelines
for managing rollback segments, 18-2


H

hardware
evaluating, 1-18
hash clusters
altering, 16-9
choosing key, 16-5
clusters, 16-1
controlling space use of, 16-5
creating, 16-5
dropping, 16-9
estimating storage, 16-4
example, 16-8
managing, 16-1
usage, 16-2
high water mark
for a session, 20-3
historical table
moving time window in, 11-14
HOST
command in Server Manager, 5-7


I

I/O
distributing, 2-16
identification
users, 20-7
IMP_FULL_DATABASE role, 21-13
implementing database design, 1-20
Import utility
about, 1-17
restricted mode and, 3-4
importing
jobs, 7-7
index partition
dropping, 11-7
merging, 11-11
moving, 11-5
rebuilding, 11-14
splitting, 11-10
indexes
adding partition, 11-5
altering, 14-8
analyzing statistics, 17-4
cluster
altering, 15-9
creating, 15-7
dropping, 15-10
managing, 15-1
correct tables and columns, 14-7
creating
after inserting table data, 14-3
explicitly, 14-8
unrecoverably, 14-5
disabling and dropping constraints and, 14-6
dropped tables and, 12-10
dropping, 14-10
estimating size, 14-5
extent allocation for, 14-6
guidelines for managing, 14-2
INITRANS for, 14-4
limiting per table, 14-3
managing, 14-1, 14-10
MAXTRANS for, 14-4
monitoring space use of, 14-9
overview of, 14-2
parallelizing index creation, 14-5
PCTFREE for, 14-4
PCTUSED for, 14-4
privileges
for altering, 14-8
for controling, 21-10
for dropping, 14-10
separating from a table, 12-6
setting storage parameters for, 14-5
SQL*Loader and, 14-3
storage parameters, 10-10
tablespace for, 14-4
temporary segments and, 14-3
temporary space and, A-9
validating structure, 17-8
in-doubt transactions
rollback segments and, 18-12
initial
passwords for SYS and SYSTEM, 1-5
INITIAL storage parameter, 10-7
altering, 12-8
initialization parameters
affecting sequences, 13-11
multi-threaded server and, 4-4
INITRANS storage parameter
altering, 12-8
default, 10-9
guidelines for setting, 10-9
transaction entries and, 10-9
INSERT privilege
granting, 21-19
revoking, 21-21
installation
and creating a database, 2-3
Oracle7 Server, 1-18
tuning recommendations for, 2-14
instance identifier
process names and, 4-13
instance menu
Open option, 3-7
prevent Connections option, 3-8
instances
aborting, 3-11
shutting down immediately, 3-10
starting, 3-2
starting before database creation, 2-6
integrity constraints
disabling, 17-14, 17-19
disabling on creation, 17-19
dropping, 17-21
dropping and disabling, 14-6
dropping tablespaces and, 8-13
enabling, 17-14
enabling on creation, 17-19
enabling when violations exist, 17-15
exceptions to, 17-22
managing, 17-15
violations, 17-15
when to disable, 17-15
INTERNAL
alternatives to, 1-8
connecting for shutdown, 3-9
creating a database as, 2-6
OSOPER and OSDBA, 1-8
security for, 19-8
starting an instance as, 3-2
INTERNAL date function
executing jobs and, 7-8


J

job queues, 7-2
, 7-2-7-3
executing jobs in, 7-9
locks, 7-9
privileges for using, 7-4
removing jobs from, 7-10
scheduling jobs, 7-3
viewing, 7-14
jobs
altering, 7-11
broken, 7-12
database links and, 7-9
executing, 7-9
exporting, 7-7
forcing to execute, 7-13
importing, 7-7
INTERNAL date function and, 7-8
job definition, 7-7
job number, 7-7
killing, 7-14
managing, 7-3
marking broken jobs, 7-12
ownership of, 7-7
removing from job queue, 7-10
running broken jobs, 7-13
scheduling, 7-3
submitting to job queue, 7-4
trace files, 7-10
troubleshooting, 7-10
join view, 13-4
DELETE statements, 13-7
key-preserved tables in, 13-5
mergeable, 13-5
modifying
rule for, 13-6
when modifiable, 13-4
JQ locks, 7-9


K

key-preserved tables
in join views, 13-5
keys
cluster, 15-2
Kill User Session dialog, 4-19
killing
jobs, 7-14


L

LGWR, 4-14
LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS parameter
changing while instance runs, 20-4
setting, 20-4
setting before database creation, 2-12
LICENSE_MAX_USERS parameter
changing while database runs, 20-6
setting, 20-5
setting before database creation, 2-12
LICENSE_SESSION_WARNING parameter
setting before database creation, 2-12
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING parameter
changing while instance runs, 20-4
setting, 20-4
licensing
complying with license agreement, 2-12, 20-2
concurrent usage, 20-2
named user, 20-2, 20-5
number of concurrent sessions, 2-13
privileges for changing named user limits, 20-6
privileges for changing session limits, 20-5
session-based, 20-2
viewing limits, 20-6
limits
composite limits, 20-20
concurrent usage, 20-2
resource limits, 20-20
session, high water mark, 20-3
LIST CHAINED ROWS option, 17-9
listener process
configuration file, 4-6
setting MTS_LISTENER_ADDRESS, 4-5
location
rollback segments, 18-7
locks
job queue, 7-9
monitoring, 4-11
log sequence numbers, 5-2
log switches
checkpoints and, 5-10
forcing, 5-12
privileges, 5-13
log writer process (LGWR)
trace file monitoring, 4-14
LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFER_SIZE parameter
setting, 23-9-23-10
LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFERS parameter
setting, 23-9-23-10
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST parameter
setting, 23-13
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT parameter
setting, 23-12
LOG_ARCHIVE_START parameter, 23-6
setting, 23-6-23-7
LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL parameter
setting, 5-11
LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT parameter
setting, 5-12
LOG_FILES parameter
number of log files and, 5-4
logical structure of a database, 1-19
LONG datatype, 10-18


M

maintenance release number, 1-21
managing
auditing, 22-1
cluster indexes, 15-1
clustered tables, 15-1
clusters, 15-1
indexes, 14-1, 14-10
jobs, 7-3
object dependencies, 17-24
profiles, 20-18
roles, 21-12
rollback segments, 18-1
sequences, 13-10
synonyms, 13-12
tables, 12-1
users, 20-11
views, 13-1, 13-9
manual archiving
in ARCHIVELOG mode, 23-8
marked user session, 4-20
MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE parameter, 4-14
MAX_ENABLED_ROLES parameter
default roles and, 21-16
enabling roles and, 21-16
MAXDATAFILES parameter
changing, 6-5
MAXEXTENTS storage parameter
about, 10-8
setting for the data dictionary, 17-28
MAXINSTANCES parameter
changing, 6-5
MAXLOGFILES parameter
changing, 6-5
number of log files and, 5-4
MAXLOGHISTORY
changing, 6-5
MAXLOGMEMBERS parameter
changing, 6-5
number of log files and, 5-4
MAXTRANS storage parameter
altering, 12-8
default, 10-9
guidelines for setting, 10-9
transaction entries and, 10-9
memory
viewing per user, 20-26
migration
database migration, 2-3
MINEXTENTS storage parameter
about, 10-8
altering, 12-8
mirrored control files
importance of, 6-2
mirrored redo log files
location of, 5-3
size of, 5-3
mirroring
control files, 2-10
modes
exclusive, 3-5
parallel, 3-5
restricted, 3-4, 3-7
modifiable join view
definition of, 13-4
MODIFY PARTITION clause
ALTER TABLE command, 11-4
modifying
a join view, 13-4
MONITOR command
ROLLBACK option, 18-15
monitoring
datafiles, 9-13
locks, 4-11
performance tables, 4-12
processes of an instance, 4-10
rollback segments, 18-6, 18-15
tablespaces, 9-13
mounting a database, 3-3
exclusive mode, 3-5
parallel mode, 3-5
MOVE PARTITION clause
ALTER TABLE command, 11-5
moving
control files, 6-5
index partitions, 11-5
relocating, 9-9
table partition, 11-4
MTS_DISPATCHERS parameter
setting initially, 4-6
MTS_LISTENER_ADDRESS parameter
setting, 4-5
starting new dispatchers and, 4-10
MTS_MAX_DISPATCHERS parameter, 4-7
setting, 4-7
MTS_MAX_SERVERS parameter
setting, 4-8
MTS_SERVERS parameter
minimum value, 4-8
setting, 4-8
MTS_SERVICE parameter
DB_NAME parameter as default, 4-6
setting, 4-6
multi-plex online redo logs
symmetric groups, 5-2
multi-plexing
online redo log, 5-2
redo log files, 5-2
multi-plexing online redo log, 5-2
multi-threaded server
configuring dispatchers, 4-6
database shutdown and, 3-9
database startup and, 3-2
dedicated server contrasted with, 4-3
enabling and disabling, 4-8-4-9
OS role management restrictions, 21-27
restrictions on OS role authorization, 21-15
service name, 4-6
shared pool and, 4-5
starting, 4-4


N

named user limits, 20-5
setting initially, 2-13
network protocol
dispatcher for each, 4-6
NEXT storage parameter, 10-8
setting for the data dictionary, 17-28
NOARCHIVELOG mode
archiving, 23-2
setting at database creation, 23-4
taking datafiles offline in, 9-8
NOAUDIT command
disabling audit options, 22-12
privileges, 22-12
schema objects, 22-13
statements, 22-12
non-clustered tables
estimating size of, A-2
NOT NULL constraint, 17-19
NUMBER datatype, 10-17


O

objects, schema
cascading effects on revoking, 21-22
default tablespace for, 20-13
granting privileges, 21-18
in a revoked tablespace, 20-14
owned by dropped users, 20-17
privileges with, 21-10
revoking privileges, 21-20
offline datafiles, 9-8
offline rollback segments
about, 18-11
bringing online, 18-11
when to use, 18-11
offline tablespaces
altering, 8-8
priorities, 8-8
rollback segments and, 18-11
online datafiles, 9-8
online redo log, 5-2
creating groups, 5-5
creating members, 5-6
dropping groups, 5-8
dropping members, 5-9
forcing a log switch, 5-12
guidelines for configuring, 5-2
location of, 5-3
managing, 5-1
moving files, 5-8
multi-plexing, 5-2
number of files, 5-4
privileges
adding groups, 5-5
dropping groups, 5-8
dropping members, 5-9
forcing a log switch, 5-13
renaming files, 5-8
renaming members, 5-6
STALE members, 5-9
storing separately from datafiles, 9-4
unavailable when database is opened, 3-3
viewing information about, 5-15
online rollback segments
about, 18-11
bringing rollback segments online, 18-11
taking offline, 18-12
when new, 18-8
online tablespaces
altering, 8-8
opening a database
after creation, 1-19
mounted database, 3-7
operating system
accounts, 21-25
auditing with, 22-2
authentication, 21-24
database administratorsrequirementsfor', 1-4
deleting datafiles, 8-13
enabling and disabling roles, 21-26
limit of number of open files, 9-2
Oracle7 process names, 4-12
renaming and relocating files, 9-9
role identification, 21-25
roles and, 21-24
security in, 19-3
OPTIMAL storage parameter, 18-6
options of Oracle7 Server, xvii
Oracle blocks, 2-11
Oracle Parallel Server, 5-12
Oracle7 Server
complying with license agreement, 20-2
identifying releases, 1-21
installing, 1-18
options, xvii
processes
checkpoint (CKPT), 4-15
monitoring, 4-10
operating-system names, 4-12
service names for dispatchers, 4-6
trace files fpr, 4-13
Oracle7 Server processes
processes
dedicated server processes, 4-2
identifying and managing, 4-10
ORAPWD utility, 1-9
OS authentication, 1-7
OS_ROLES parameter
operating-system authorization and, 21-15
REMOTE_OS_ROLES and, 21-27
using, 21-25
owner of a queued job, 7-7


P

packages
privileges for recompiling, 17-26
recompiling, 17-26
parallel mode
of the database, 3-5
parallel query option
number of server processes, 4-16
parallelizing index creation, 14-5
parallelizing table creation, 12-4
query servers, 4-16
Parallel Server
ALTER CLUSTER..ALLOCATE EXTENT, 15-10
archive log file name format, 23-12
datafile upper bound for instances, 9-3
forcing a checkpoint for the local instance, 5-13
licensed session limit and, 2-13
limits on named users and, 20-5
LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT and, 5-12
named users and, 2-13
own rollback segments, 18-3
sequence numbers and, 13-10
session and warning limits, 20-3
specifying thread for archiving, 23-9
V$THREAD view, 5-15
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS parameter, 4-16
PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS parameter, 4-16
PARALLEL_SERVER_IDLE_TIME parameter, 4-16
parameter files
character set of, 3-12
choosing for startup, 3-3
creating for database creation, 2-4
default for instance startup, 3-3
editing, 3-12
editing before database creation, 2-5
individual parameter names, 2-9
location of, 3-13
minimum set of, 2-9
number of, 3-12
sample of, 3-12
using, 3-12
partition
adding to index, 11-5
dropping from index, 11-7
PARTITION clause
CREATE TABLE command, 11-2
partitioned index
merging, 11-11
rebuilding partitions, 11-14
partitioned objects, 11-1, 11-16
adding, 11-5
creating, 11-2
definition, 11-2
maintaining, 11-3, 11-16
merging, 11-11
moving, 11-4
quiescing applications during maintenance of, 11-15
splitting partition, 11-9
truncating, 11-8
partitioned table
adding partitions, 11-5
converting to non-partitioned, 11-12
merging partitions, 11-11-11-12
splitting partition, 11-9
partitioned view
converting to partitioned table, 11-13
passwords
altering user passwords, 20-16
authentication file for, 1-9
changing for roles, 21-15
initial for SYS and SYSTEM, 1-5
password file
, 1-12
creating, 1-9
OS authentication, 1-7
relocating, 1-15
removing, 1-15
state of, 1-16
privileges for changing for roles, 21-14
privileges to alter, 20-15
roles, 21-14
security policy for users, 19-4
setting REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORD parameter, 1-11
user authentication, 20-7
patch release number, 1-21
PCTFREE storage parameter
altering, 12-8
block overhead and, 10-6
clustered tables, 10-4
default, 10-3
guidelines for setting, 10-3
how it works, 10-2
indexes, 10-4
non-clustered tables, 10-4
PCTUSED and, 10-6
PCTINCREASE storage parameter
about, 10-8
altering, 10-11
setting for the data dictionary, 17-28
PCTUSED storage parameter
altering, 12-8
block overhead and, 10-6
default, 10-5
guidelines for setting, 10-5
how it works, 10-4
PCTFREE and, 10-6
performance
location of datafiles and, 9-4
tuning archiving, 23-9
performance tables
dynamic performance tables, 4-12
physical structure of a database, 1-19
PL/SQL program units
dropped tables and, 12-10
replaced views and, 13-9
planning
database creation, 2-2
relational design, 1-19
the database, 1-18
precedence of storage parameters, 10-11
predefined roles, 1-6
prerequisites
for creating a database, 2-3
PRIMARY KEY constraint
disabling, 17-19
dropping associated indexes, 14-10
enabling, 17-19
enabling on creation, 14-7
foreign key references when dropped, 17-20
indexes associated with, 14-7
storage of associated indexes, 14-7
private
rollback segments, 18-8
taking offline, 18-13
synonyms, 13-12
privileges, 21-2, 21-11
adding datafiles to a tablespace, 9-5
adding redo log groups, 5-5
altering
default storage parameters, 8-6
dispatcher privileges, 4-10
indexes, 14-8
named user limit, 20-6
passwords, 20-16
role authentication, 21-14
rollback segments, 18-10
sequences, 13-10
tables, 12-7
users, 20-15
analyzing objects, 17-4
application developers and, 19-9
audit object, 22-12
auditing system, 22-11
auditing use of, 22-9
bringing datafiles offline and online, 9-8
bringing tablespaces online, 8-8
cascading revokes, 21-21
cluster creation, 15-6
coalescing tablespaces, 8-7
column, 21-19
CREATE SCHEMA command, 17-2
creating
roles, 21-12
rollback segments, 18-8
sequences, 13-10
synonyms, 13-12
tables, 12-6
tablespaces, 8-4
users, 20-11
views, 13-2
database administrator, 1-4
disabling automatic archiving, 23-7
dropping
clusters, 15-10
indexes, 14-10
online redo log members, 5-9
redo log groups, 5-8
roles, 21-16
rollback segments, 18-14
sequences, 13-11
synonyms, 13-12
tables, 12-9
views, 13-9
dropping profiles, 20-21
enabling and disabling resource limits, 20-22
enabling and disabling triggers, 17-12
enabling automatic archiving, 23-6
for changing session limits, 20-5
forcing a checkpoint, 5-13
forcing a log switch, 5-13
granting
about, 21-17
object privileges, 21-18
required privileges, 21-18
system privileges, 21-17
grouping with roles, 21-12
individual privilege names, 21-3
job queues and, 7-4
listing grants, 21-28
manually archiving, 23-8
object, 21-10
on selected columns, 21-21
operating system
required for database administrator, 1-4
policies for managing, 19-5
recompiling packages, 17-26
recompiling procedures, 17-26
recompiling views, 17-26
renaming
datafiles of a tablespace, 9-9
datafiles of several tablespaces, 9-10
objects, 17-3
redo log members, 5-7
replacing views, 13-8
RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege, 3-4, 3-8
revoking, 21-20
ADMIN OPTION, 21-20
GRANT OPTION, 21-20
object privileges, 21-22
system privileges, 21-20
revoking object, 21-20
revoking object privileges, 21-20
setting resource costs, 20-21
SQL statements permitted by, 21-11
system, 21-2
taking tablespaces offline, 8-8
truncating, 17-10
procedures
recompiling, 17-26
processes, 4-1
SNP background processes, 7-2
PROCESSES parameter
setting before database creation, 2-12
profiles, 20-18
altering, 20-19
assigning to users, 20-19
composite limit, 20-20
creating, 20-18
default, 20-19
disabling resource limits, 20-22
dropping, 20-21
enabling resource limits, 20-22
listing, 20-23
managing, 20-18
privileges for dropping, 20-21
privileges to alter, 20-19
privileges to set resource costs, 20-21
PUBLIC_DEFAULT, 20-19
setting a limit to null, 20-19
viewing, 20-25
program global area (PGA)
effect of MAX_ENABLED_ROLES on, 21-16
pseudo-column, 10-19
public
synonyms, 13-12
public rollback segments
making available for use, 18-11
taking offline, 18-13
PUBLIC user group
granting and revoking privileges to, 21-23
procedures and, 21-23
PUBLIC_DEFAULT profile
dropping profiles and, 20-21
using, 20-19


Q

query server process
about, 4-16
quotas
listing, 20-23
revoking from users, 20-14
setting to zero, 20-14
tablespace, 20-14
tablespace quotas, 8-3
temporary segments and, 20-14
unlimited, 20-14
viewing, 20-25


R

read-only tablespaces
altering to writable, 8-12
creating, 8-10
datafiles, 9-8
on a WORM device, 8-12
REBUILD PARTITION clause
ALTER INDEX command, 11-5, 11-14
recompiling
automatically, 17-25
functions, 17-26
packages, 17-26
procedures, 17-26
views, 17-26
recovery
creating new control files, 6-5
effects of archiving on, 23-2
startup with automatic, 3-5
redo log
archived redo log, 23-2
online redo log, 5-1
redo log files
archived redo log files, 23-4
log sequence numbers of
defined, 5-2
multi-plexing
overview of, 5-2
online, 5-2
viewing, 2-8
REFERENCES privilege
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS option, 21-21
revoking, 21-21
referential integrity constraints
dropping table partition with, 11-7
truncating table partition with, 11-9
relational design
planning, 1-19
releases
checking the release number, 1-22
identifying for Oracle7 Server, 1-21
maintenance release number, 1-21
patch release number, 1-21
port-specific release number, 1-22
versions of other Oracle software, 1-22
relocating
control files, 6-5
datafiles, 9-9-9-10
remote connections
connecting as INTERNAL, 1-14-1-22
connecting as SYSOPER/SYSDBA, 1-14
password files, 1-9
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE parameter, 1-11
REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT parameter
setting, 20-9
REMOTE_OS_ROLES parameter
setting, 21-15, 21-27
RENAME command, 17-3
Rename Data File dialog, 9-9
Rename Online Redo Log Member dialog box, 5-7
renaming
control files, 6-5
datafiles, 9-9-9-10
datafiles with a single table, 9-9
online redo log members, 5-6
schema objects, 17-3
replacing
views, 13-8
resource limits
altering in profiles, 20-19
assigning with profiles, 20-19
composite limits and, 20-20
costs and, 20-21
creating profiles and, 20-18
disabling, 20-22
enabling, 20-22
privileges to enable and disable, 20-22
privileges to set costs, 20-21
profiles, 20-18
PUBLIC_DEFAULT profile and, 20-19
service units, 20-20
setting to null, 20-19
RESOURCE role, 21-13
RESOURCE_LIMIT parameter
enabling and disabling limits, 20-22
resources
profiles, 20-18
responsibilities
of a database administrator, 1-2
of database users, 1-3
RESTRICTED SESSION privilege
instances in restricted mode, 3-7
restricted mode and, 3-4
session limits and, 20-3
restricting access to database
starting an instance, 3-4
REVOKE command, 21-20
when takes effect, 21-23
Revoke System Privileges/Roles dialog, 21-20
revoking
privileges and roles
SYSOPER/DBA privileges, 1-13
revoking privileges and roles
on selected columns, 21-21
REVOKE command, 21-20
shortcuts for object privileges, 21-11
when using operating-system roles, 21-26
roles
ADMIN OPTION and, 21-17
application developers and, 19-10
authorization, 21-14
backward compatibility, 21-13
changing authorization for, 21-15
changing passwords, 21-15
CONNECT role, 21-13
database authorization, 21-14
DBA role, 1-6, 21-13
default, 20-16
dropping, 21-16
EXP_FULL_DATABASE, 21-13
GRANT command, 21-26
GRANT OPTION and, 21-19
granting
about, 21-17
grouping with roles, 21-12
IMP_FULL_DATABASE, 21-13
listing, 21-31
listing grants, 21-29
listing privileges and roles in, 21-31
management using the operating system, 21-24
managing, 21-12
multi-byte characters
in names, 21-12
multi-byte characters in passwords, 21-14
multi-threaded server and, 21-15
operating system granting of, 21-25-21-26
operating-system authorization, 21-14
OS management and the multi-threaded server, 21-27
passwords for enabling, 21-14
predefined, 1-6, 21-13
privileges
changing authorization method, 21-14
changing passwords, 21-14
for creating, 21-12
for dropping, 21-16
granting system privileges or roles, 21-17
RESOURCE role, 21-13
REVOKE command, 21-26
revoking, 21-20
revoking ADMIN OPTION, 21-20
security and, 19-6
SET ROLE command, 21-26
unique names for, 21-12
without authorization, 21-15
rollback segments
acquiring automatically, 18-4, 18-12
acquiring on startup, 2-12
allocating, 2-15
altering public, 18-10
altering storage parameters, 18-9
AVAILABLE, 18-11
bringing
online, 18-11
online automatically, 18-12
online when new, 18-8
PARTLY AVAILABLE segment online, 18-12
checking if offline, 18-13
choosing how many, 2-15
choosing size for, 2-15
creating, 18-8
creating after database creation, 18-3
creating public and private, 18-3
decreasing size of, 18-10
deferred, 18-17
displaying
all deferred rollback segments, 18-17
deferred rollback segments, 18-17
information on, 18-15
PENDING OFFLINE segments, 18-16
displaying names of all, 18-16
dropping, 18-14
equally sized extents, 18-5
explicitly assigning transactions to, 18-13
guidelines for managing, 18-2
initial, 18-2
invalid status, 18-15
listing extents in, 17-34
location of, 18-7
making available for use, 18-11
managing, 18-1
monitoring, 18-6, 18-15
OFFLINE, 18-11
offline rollback segments, 18-11
offline status, 18-12
online rollback segments, 18-11
online status, 18-12
PARTLY AVAILABLE, 18-11
PENDING OFFLINE, 18-13
privileges
for dropping, 18-14
required to alter, 18-10
required to create, 18-8
setting size of, 18-4
status for dropping, 18-14
status or state, 18-11
storage parameters, 18-9
storage parameters and, 18-8
SYSTEM rollback segment, 18-3
taking offline, 18-12
taking tablespaces offline and, 8-10
transactions and, 18-13
using multiple, 18-2
ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter
adding rollback segments to, 18-8
setting before database creation, 2-12
ROWID datatype, 10-19
ROWID pseudo-column, 10-19
rows
chaining across blocks, 10-4, 17-9
violating integrity constraints, 17-15


S

schema objects
auditing, 22-9
creating multiple objects, 17-2
default audit options, 22-11
dependencies between, 17-24
disabling audit options, 22-13
enabling audit options on, 22-11
listing by type, 17-32
listing information, 17-31
privileges to access, 21-10
privileges to rename, 17-3
renaming, 17-3
SCN, 9-14
security
accessing a database, 19-2
administrator of, 19-2
application developers and, 19-9
auditing policies, 19-19
authentication of users, 19-2
data, 19-3-19-4
database administratorsresponsibilities', 1-4
database security, 19-2
database users and, 19-2
establishing policies, 19-1
general users, 19-4
multi-byte characters
in role names, 21-12
in role passwords, 21-14
in user names, 20-12
in user passwords, 20-12
operating-system security and the database, 19-3
policies for database administrators, 19-7
privilege management policies, 19-5
privileges, 19-2
protecting the audit trail, 22-16
REMOTE_OS_ROLES parameter, 21-27
roles to force security, 19-6
security officer, 1-3
sensitivity, 19-4
segments
data and index
default storage parameters, 10-10
data dictionary, 17-28
displaying information on, 17-34
monitoring, 18-16
rollback, 18-1
temporary storage parameters, 10-11
sensitivity
security, 19-4
SEQUENCE_CACHE_ENTRIES parameter, 13-11
sequences
altering, 13-11
creating, 13-10
dropping, 13-11
initialization parameters, 13-11
managing, 13-10
Parallel Server and, 13-10
privileges for altering, 13-10
privileges for creating, 13-10
privileges for dropping, 13-11
server units
composite limits and, 20-20
servers
dedicated
multi-threaded contrasted with, 4-3
multi-threaded
dedicated contrasted with, 4-3
service name
for dispatcher in multi-threaded server, 4-6
session limits, license
setting initially, 2-13
session monitor, 4-11
session, user
active, 4-20
inactive, 4-20
marked to be terminated, 4-20
terminating, 4-19
viewing terminated sessions, 4-20
sessions
auditing connections and disconnections, 22-8
limits per instance, 20-2
listing privilege domain of, 21-30
number of concurrent sessions, 2-13
Parallel Server session limits, 2-13
setting maximum for instance, 20-4
setting warning limit for instance, 20-4
viewing current number and high water mark, 20-6
viewing memory use, 20-26
SET ROLE command
how password is set, 21-14
when using operating-system roles, 21-26
Set Rollback Segment Offline dialog, 18-12
Set Rollback Segment Online dialog, 18-11
Set Rollback Segment Storage dialog, 18-8
Set Tablespace Online dialog, 8-8
Set Tablespace Storage dialog box, 8-6
SET TRANSACTION command
USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT option, 18-13
SGA
determing buffers in cache, 2-11
shared mode
rollback segments and, 18-3
shared pool
ANALYZE command and, 17-8
multi-threaded server and, 4-5
shared server processes
changing the minimum number of, 4-9
maximum number of, 4-8
number to start initially, 4-8
privileges to change number of, 4-9
trace files for, 4-13
shared SQL areas
ANALYZE command and, 17-8
shortcuts
CONNECT, for auditing, 22-8
object auditing, 22-10
object privileges, 21-11
statement level auditing options, 22-8
Shut Down menu, 3-9
Abort Instance option, 3-11
Immediate option, 3-10
Normal option, 3-10
SHUTDOWN command, 3-9
ABORT option, 3-11
IMMEDIATE option, 3-10
NORMAL option, 3-10
shutting down a database, 3-1
shutting down an instance
aborting the instance, 3-11
connecting and, 3-9
connecting as INTERNAL, 3-9
example of, 3-10
general procedures, 3-9
immediately, 3-10
multi-threaded server, 3-9
normally, 3-10
size
clusters, A-9
datafile, 9-4
hash clusters, 16-4
on non-clusterd tables, A-2
rollback segments, 18-4
snapshot logs
storage parameters, 10-10
snapshots
storage parameters, 10-10
too old
OPTIMAL storage parameter and, 18-6
SNP background processes
about, 7-2
software versions, 1-21
SORT_AREA_SIZE parameter
index creation and, 14-3
space
adding to the database, 8-4
used by indexes, 14-9
space management
PCTFREE, 10-2
PCTUSED, 10-4
SPLIT PARTITION clause, 11-10
ALTER INDEX command, 11-10
ALTER TABLE command, 11-5, 11-9
SQL statements
disabling audit options, 22-12
enabling audit options on, 22-10
privileges required for, 21-11
SQL trace facility
when to enable, 4-15
SQL*Loader
about, 1-17
indexes and, 14-3
SQL_TRACE parameter
trace files and, 4-13
STALE status
of redo log members, 5-9
Start Automatic Archiving dialog, 23-13
Start Up Instance dialog box, 3-2
Force check box, 3-5
Mount radio button, 3-4
Nomount radio button, 3-3
Open radio button, 3-4
Restrict to DBAs check box, 3-4
specifying a parameter file, 3-3
starting a database
about, 3-1
general procedures, 3-2
starting an instance
at database creation, 3-3
automatically at system startup, 3-6
connecting as INTERNAL, 3-2
database closed and mounted, 3-3
database name conflicts and, 2-9
dispatcher processes and, 4-6
enabling automatic archiving, 23-6
examples of, 3-5
exclusive mode, 3-5
forcing, 3-5
general procedures, 3-2
mounting and opening the database, 3-4
multi-threaded server and, 3-2
normally, 3-4
parallel mode, 3-5
parameter files, 3-3
problems encountered while, 3-5
recovery and, 3-5
remote instance startup, 3-6
restricted mode, 3-4
specifying database name, 3-2
troubleshooting, 3-3
with multi-threaded servers, 4-4
without mounting a database, 3-3
starting Server Manager, 2-6
STARTUP command, 3-2
FORCE option, 3-5
MOUNT option, 3-4
NOMOUNT option, 3-3
OPEN option, 3-4
RECOVER option, 3-5
RESTRICT option, 3-5
specifying database name, 3-2
specifying parameter file, 3-3
statistics
updating, 17-4
Stop Auto Archive menu option, 23-8
storage
altering tablespaces, 8-6
quotas and, 20-14
revoking tablespaces and, 20-14
unlimited quotas, 20-14
storage parameters
applicable objects, 10-7
changing settings, 10-11
data dictionary, 17-27
default, 10-7
for the data dictionary, 17-28
INITIAL, 10-7, 12-8
INITRANS, 10-9, 12-8
MAXEXTENTS, 10-8
MAXTRANS, 10-9, 12-8
MINEXTENTS, 10-8, 12-8
NEXT, 10-8
OPTIMAL (in rollback segments), 18-6
PCTFREE, 12-8
PCTINCREASE, 10-8
PCTUSED, 12-8
precedence of, 10-11
rollback segments, 18-9
SYSTEM rollback segment, 18-10
temporary segments, 10-11
stored procedures
privileges for recompiling, 17-26
using privileges granted to PUBLIC, 21-23
stream
tape drive, 23-10
synonyms
creating, 13-12
displaying dependencies of, 17-33
dropped tables and, 12-10
dropping, 13-12
managing, 13-12
private, 13-12
privileges for creating, 13-12
privileges for dropping, 13-12
public, 13-12
SYS
initial password, 1-5
objects owned, 1-5
policies for protecting, 19-8
privileges, 1-5
user, 1-5
SYS.AUD$
audit trail, 22-2
creating and deleting, 22-4
SYSOPER/SYSDBA privileges
adding users to the password file, 1-12
connecting with, 1-14
determining who has privileges, 1-13
granting and revoking, 1-13
SYSTEM
initial password, 1-5
objects owned, 1-5
policies for protecting, 19-8
user, 1-5
System Change Number (SCN)
checking for a datafile, 9-14
System Global Area, 2-11
System Global Area (SGA), 2-11
system privileges, 21-2
SYSTEM rollback segment
adding, 18-3
altering storage parameters of, 18-10
rollback segments, 18-3
SYSTEM tablespace
cannot drop, 8-13
initial rollback segment, 18-2
non-data dictionary tables and, 12-3
restrictions on taking offline, 9-8
when created, 8-4


T

table partition
containing global index, 11-6
creating, 11-2
dropping, 11-6
exchanging, 11-12
merging, 11-11
merging adjacent, 11-12
splitting, 11-9
truncating, 11-8
tables
adding partitions, 11-5
allocating extents, 12-9
altering, 12-7-12-8
analyzing statistics, 17-4
clustered, 15-2
clustered tables
altering, 15-9
creating, 15-7
dropping, 15-10
managing, 15-1
privileges to drop, 15-10
storage, A-14
creating, 12-6
designing before creating, 12-2
dropping, 12-9
estimating initial size, A-2
estimating size, 12-5, A-4
guidelines for managing, 12-1, 12-6
hash clustered
creating, 16-5
managing, 16-1
increasing column length, 12-8
indexes and, 14-2
key-preserved, 13-5
limiting indexes on, 14-3
location, 12-7
location of, 12-3
managing, 12-1
parallelizing creation of, 12-4
privileges for creation, 12-6
privileges for dropping, 12-9
privileges to alter, 12-7
schema of clustered, 15-7
separating from indexes, 12-6
specifying PCTFREE for, 10-4
specifying tablespace, 12-3, 12-7
storage parameters, 10-10
SYSTEM tablespace and, 12-3
temporary space and, 12-6
transaction parameters, 12-3
truncating, 17-9
UNRECOVERABLE, 12-4
validating structure, 17-8
tablespaces
adding datafiles, 9-5
altering availability, 8-8
altering storage settings, 8-6
assigning defaults for users, 20-13
assigning user quotas, 8-3
bringing online, 8-8
checking default storage parameters, 8-14
coalescing, 8-6
creating, 8-3
creating additional, 8-4
default quota, 20-14
default storage parameters for, 10-10
default temporary, 20-13
dropping
about, 8-13
required privileges, 8-13
guidelines for managing, 8-2
listing files of, 8-15
listing free space in, 8-15
location, 9-4
managing, 9-1
monitoring, 9-13
privileges for creating, 8-4
privileges to take offline, 8-8
quotas
assigning, 8-3
quotas for users, 20-14
read-only, 8-10
revoking from users, 20-14
rollback segments required, 8-5
setting default storage parameters for, 8-3
SYSTEM tablespace, 8-4
taking offline normal, 8-8
taking offline temporarily, 8-9
temporary, 20-13
unlimited quotas, 20-14
using multiple, 8-2
viewing quotas, 20-25
writable, 8-12
taking offline
tablespaces, 8-8
tape drives
streaming for archiving, 23-10
temporary segments
index creation and, 14-3
temporary space
allocating, 12-6
terminating
a user session, 4-19
terminating sessions
active sessions, 4-20
identifying sessions, 4-19
inactive session, example, 4-20
inactive sessions, 4-20
test
security for databases, 19-10
time window
moving, in historical table, 11-14
tip
object privilege shortcut, 21-11
shortcuts for auditing objects, 22-10
statement auditing shortcut, 22-8
trace files
job failures and, 7-10
location of, 4-14
log writer, 4-14
size of, 4-14
using, 4-13-4-14
when written, 4-14
trailing nulls, A-9
transaction entries
guidelines for storage, 10-9
transactions
assigning to specific rollback segment, 18-13
rollback segments and, 18-13
TRANSACTIONS parameter
using, 18-2
TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT parameter
using, 18-2
triggers
auditing, 22-21
disabling, 17-12
dropped tables and, 12-10
enabling, 17-12
examples, 22-21
privileges for controlling, 21-10
privileges for enabling and disabling, 17-12
TRUNCATE command, 17-10
DROP STORAGE option, 17-11
REUSE STORAGE option, 17-11
TRUNCATE PARTITION clause
ALTER TABLE command, 11-8
truncating
clusters, 17-9
partitioned objects, 11-8
privileges for, 17-10
tables, 17-9
tuning
archiving, 23-9
databases, 1-20
initially, 2-14


U

UNIQUE key constraints
disabling, 17-19
dropping associated indexes, 14-10
enabling, 17-19
enabling on creation, 14-7
foreign key references when dropped, 17-20
indexes associated with, 14-7
storage of associated indexes, 14-7
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege, 20-15
unrecoverable
tables, 12-4
unrecoverable indexes
indexes, 14-5
UPDATE privilege
revoking, 21-21
Use, 20-10
USER_DUMP_DEST parameter, 4-14
USER_EXTENTS, 9-13
USER_FREE, 8-14, 9-13
USER_INDEXES view
filling with data, 17-5
USER_SEGMENTS, 8-14, 9-13
USER_TAB_COLUMNS view
filling with data, 17-6
USER_TABLES view
filling with data, 17-5
USER_TABLESPACES, 8-14, 9-13
usernames
SYS and SYSTEM, 1-5
users
altering, 20-15
assigning profiles to, 20-19
assigning tablespace quotas, 8-3
assigning unlimited quotas for, 20-14
auhentication
database authentication, 20-7
authentication
about, 19-2, 20-7
changing authentication method, 20-16
changing default roles, 20-16
changing passwords, 20-16
composite limits and, 20-20
default tablespaces, 20-13
dropping, 20-17
dropping profiles and, 20-21
dropping roles and, 21-16
end-user security policies, 19-6
enrolling, 1-20
identification, 20-7
in a newly created database, 2-14
limiting number of, 2-13
listing, 20-23
listing privileges granted to, 21-28
listing roles granted to, 21-29
managing, 20-11
multi-byte characters
in names, 20-12
in passwords, 20-12
objects after dropping, 20-17
password security, 19-4
policies for managing privileges, 19-5
privileges for changing passwords, 20-15
privileges for creating, 20-11
privileges for dropping, 20-17
PUBLIC group, 21-23
security and, 19-2
security for general users, 19-4
session, terminating, 4-20
specifying user names, 20-12
tablespace quotas, 20-14
unique user names, 2-13, 20-5
viewing information on, 20-24
viewing memory use, 20-26
viewing tablespace quotas, 20-25
utilities
Export, 1-17
for the database administrator, 1-16
Import, 1-17
SQL*Loader, 1-17
UTLCHAIN.SQL, 17-9
UTLLOCKT.SQL script, 4-11


V

V$ARCHIVE view, 23-10
V$DATABASE view, 23-10
V$DATAFILE, 8-14, 9-13
V$DBFILE view, 2-8
V$DISPATCHER view
controlling dispatcher process load, 4-9
V$LICENSE view, 20-6
V$LOG view
displaying archiving status, 23-10
online redo log and, 5-15
V$LOGFILE view, 2-8
V$PWFILE_USERS view, 1-13
V$QUEUE view
controlling dispatcher process load, 4-9
V$ROLLNAME
finding PENDING OFFLINE segments, 18-16
V$ROLLSTAT
finding PENDING OFFLINE segments, 18-16
V$SESSION, 7-14
V$SESSION view, 4-20
V$THREAD view, 5-15
VALIDATE STRUCTURE option, 17-8
VARCHAR2 datatype, 10-17
space use of, 10-17
versions, 1-21
of other Oracle software, 1-22
view
partitioned
converting to partitioned table, 11-13
views
creating, 13-2
creating with errors, 13-4
displaying dependencies of, 17-33
dropped tables and, 12-10
dropping, 13-9
FOR UPDATE clause and, 13-3
managing, 13-1, 13-9
ORDER BY clause and, 13-3
privileges, 13-2
privileges for dropping, 13-9
privileges for recompiling, 17-26
privileges to replace, 13-8
recompiling, 17-26
replacing, 13-8
wildcards in, 13-4
WITH CHECK OPTION, 13-3
violating integrity constraints, 17-15


W

warning
changing data dictionary storage parameters, 17-28
creating a rollback segment, 2-12
disabling audit options, 22-12
enabling auditing, 22-10
setting the CONTROL_FILES parameter, 2-10
use mirrored control files, 6-2
wildcards
in views, 13-4
WORM devices
and read-only tablespaces, 8-12
writable tablespaces, 8-12




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