Oracle8(TM) Server Backup and Recovery Guide
Release 8.0

A54640-01

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A

ABORT option
SHUTDOWN command, 11-10, 11-21, 11-25, 11-50
ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-37
active online redo log
loss of group, 11-48
ALERT file, 2-17, 11-3, 11-24-11-25, 11-28, 11-33
allocate channel command, 8-10, 8-28, 8-36
connect parameter, 8-11
format parameter, 8-11
Parms operand, 8-11
type disk operand, 8-10
allocate channel for delete command, 8-7, 9-8
ALTER DATABASE command
ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE option, 11-37
BACKUP CONTROLFILE option, 2-22
BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE option, 10-10, 11-50
CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP option, 11-36
CLEAR LOGFILE option, 11-46
CREATE DATAFILE option, 11-13, 11-38
CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE option, 11-34
DATAFILE ONLINE option, 11-27, 11-31
MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE option, 11-35, 11-41
NORESETLOGS option, 10-11, 11-24, 11-28, 11-32, 11-50
OPEN NORESETLOGS option, 11-17
OPEN option, 11-50
OPEN RESETLOGS option, 8-4, 11-10, 11-24, 11-28, 11-32
RECOVER AUTOMATIC LOGFILE option, 11-7
RECOVER clause, 11-4
RECOVER LOGFILE option, 11-6
RECOVER...FROM parameter, 11-5
RESETLOGS option, 10-11, 11-3
ALTER SYSTEM command
ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT option, 11-35, 11-37
ALTER TABLESPACE command
BEGIN BACKUP option
marking the beginning, 10-5
minimizing time between begin and end, 10-8
BEGIN/END BACKUP option, 8-8
END BACKUP option
marking the end, 10-6
minimizing time between begin and end, 10-8
OFFLINE option, 10-8
ONLINE option
bringing tablespaces back online, 10-9
Apply Recovery Archives dialog box, 11-23
Enterprise Manager, 11-3
ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT option
ALTER SYSTEM command, 11-35, 11-37
archived logs
backing up, 9-4
archived redo log, 1-6, 2-12, 2-14
applying during recovery, 11-4, 11-6
deleting after recovery, 11-14
duplexing, 2-14
errors during recovery, 11-8
location during recovery, 11-4
loss of, 11-48
preserving log sequence number, 11-23, 11-27, 11-32
resetting log sequence number, 11-23, 11-27, 11-32
restoring to disk, 11-14
time-based recovery, 11-49
tracking, 7-27
archivelog
copies, listing, 8-12
copy record
recovery catalog, 8-6
deleting, 8-6
deleting record of, 8-6
marking as available, 8-7
marking as unavailable, 8-7
registering, 8-2
ARCHIVELOG mode
backup options, 3-5
datafile loss in, 11-44
definition, 2-15
distributed database backups, 3-6
overview, 1-6
strategies for backups in, 3-7
archiver process (ARCH), 2-16-2-17
archiving online redo log files, 2-13
archiving
automatic, 2-16
manual, 2-17
modes
database, 2-14, 2-18
automatic archiving, 2-16
available operand
change command, 8-7

B

backup
after structural changes to database, 3-3
after using RESETLOGS option, 3-4
archived log, 9-4
ARCHIVELOG mode in, 3-7
backup sets, 7-10
checking datafile backup status, 10-6
choosing method, 5-1, 5-7
consistent whole database, 2-21
constraints, 7-25
control file, 2-23, 9-3, 10-9
creating a strategy, 3-6
cumulative incremental, 7-13, 7-16
database, 9-2
datafile, 2-23
DB_VERIFY utility, 10-4
definition, 1-2, 4-3
distributed databases, 3-6
Enterprise Backup Utility used for, 5-3
Export utility and, 2-26, 3-5
Export utility used for, 5-3
frequency, 3-2
full, 7-12
generating reports for, 8-12
guidelines for, 3-2
image copies, 7-10, 7-17
importance of, 1-2
inconsistent whole database, 2-22
incremental, 7-12, 9-6
definition, 4-3
Recovery Manager, 8-22
individual datafiles, 9-3
keeping, 3-4, 9-8
listing files needed, 10-2
logical
definition, 2-26
marking end, 10-6
NOARCHIVELOG mode, in, 3-7, 9-2
noncumulative incremental, 7-14
of online redo logs, 3-9
of recovery catalog, 6-5
operating system, 5-2
Parallel Server Environment, 9-5
planning before database creation, 3-2
privileges for control files, 10-9
procedures for, 10-2, 10-14
offline datafiles, 10-8
offline tablespaces, 10-8
online datafiles, 10-4
online tablespaces, 10-4
Recovery Manager types, 7-10
Recovery Manager, user tags for, 7-24
restoring whole database backup, 11-9
scenario, Recovery Manager, 8-27
specification list, 8-24
specifying device, 8-10-8-11
SYSTEM tablespace, 10-8
tablespace, 3-3, 9-2-9-3, 10-7
test strategies, 3-6
to disk, 5-4
to disk, using Recovery Manager, 8-10
to sequential media, 5-5
types of, 2-20, 2-24, 10-2, 10-14
using stored scripts, 8-19
whole database, 2-20, 10-2, 10-4
Recovery Manager, 8-22
backup command, 8-21
cumulative operand, 8-23
filesperset operand, 8-24
format operand, 8-20
nochecksum operand, 8-23
setmaxcorrupt clause, 9-7
skip inaccessible option, 9-7
skip offline option, 9-2, 9-7
skip read only option, 9-2
tag operand, 8-23
backup constraints, 7-25
backup control files
snapshot, 7-9
BACKUP CONTROLFILE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 2-22
BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO option
ALTER DATABASE command, 10-2
BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 10-2, 10-10, 11-50
backup file
user-created
cataloging, 8-8
backup history record
recovery catalog, 8-6
backup methods, 5-1, 5-7
backup object list, 8-24
backup piece
deleting, 8-6
deleting record of, 8-6
marking as available, 8-7
marking as unavailable, 8-7
naming, 8-20
backup pieces, 7-11
backup sets, 7-10
backup pieces, 7-11
compression, 7-11
deleting multi-piece, 9-8
full, 7-11
incremental, 7-11
limiting number of files, 8-20, 8-24
listing, 8-12, 8-17-8-18
multiplexed, 7-22
organizing, 8-21
backup specification list, 8-24
Begin Online Tablespace Backup dialog, 10-5
BEGIN/END option
ALTER TABLESPACE command, 8-8
block checksum
suppressing, 8-23

C

cancel-based recovery, 4-6
procedures, 11-21
catalog command, 8-2, 8-8
catrman.sql script, 6-5
catrman.sql script, 8-3
change command, 8-6
available operand, 8-7
delete operand, 8-7
unavailable operand, 8-7
uncatalog operand, 8-7
change...delete command, 8-8
change-based recovery, 11-30, 11-34
coordinated in distributed database system, 11-2
changed-based recovery, 4-6
channel control, 7-19, 8-9
allocating channel, 8-9
channel operand
restore command, 8-33
channels
allocating, 7-19
checkpoint, 2-5, 2-7
after a time interval, 2-6
at log switches, 2-6
checkpoint process (CKPT), 2-6
control files and, 2-19
database, 2-6
datafile, 2-6
definnition, 4-4
events during, 2-6
fast, 2-7
forcing, 2-6
normal, 2-7
online redo log files and, 2-5
overview, 2-5
Parallel Server Environment, 2-6
performance effect of, 2-5
shutting down an instance and, 2-6
taking a tablespace offline and, 2-6
types of, 2-6
checksum,block
suppressing, 8-23
CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-36
CLEAR LOGFILE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-46
closed database
recovery, 11-3
cold backups
whole database backups, 10-2
command file for Recovery Manager, 6-10
commands
backup, 7-3
categories of, 7-3
LIST, 7-23
recovery catelog maintenance, 7-3
REPORT, 7-23
REPORT DELETABLE, 7-23
REPORT NEED BACKUP, 7-23
REPORT UNRECOVERABLE, 7-23
restore, 7-3
stored script maintenance, 7-3
commands, Recovery Manager
allocate channel, 8-10, 8-28, 8-36
allocate channel for delete, 9-8
backup, 8-21
catalog, 8-2, 8-8
change, 8-6-8-7
change...delete, 8-8
copy, 2-25, 8-28
delete script, 8-19
execute script, 8-18
list, 8-12, 9-13
list backupset, 8-18
list copy, 8-18
list incarnation of database, 8-4
print script, 8-19
register database, 8-3
release channel, 8-11
replace script, 8-19
replicate, 8-31
report, 9-13
report deletable, 8-16
report need backup, 8-13
report need backup days, 8-15
report schema, 8-16
report unrecoverable, 8-14
reset database, 8-4
reset database to incarnation, 8-4, 8-17
restore, 9-11
resync catalog from backup controlfile, 8-6, 8-9
set newname, 8-32, 8-35
setlimit channel, 8-11
switch, 8-35
committing transactions
writing redo log buffer and, 2-2
COMPATIBLE initialization parameter, 11-39
complete export, 10-14
complete recovery
procedures for, 11-15
connect parameter
allocate channel command, 8-11
consistent whole database backups, 2-21
constraints
backup, 7-25
restore, 7-26
control file, 1-4, 2-18-2-19
archived redo log information in, 2-13
backing up, 9-3, 10-2, 10-9
changes recorded, 2-19
checkpoint information, 2-19
contents, 1-4, 2-18
CONTROL_FILES parameter, 11-22
for primary and standby databases, 11-39
definition, 1-4, 4-3
during incomplete recovery, 11-22, 11-30
during time-based recovery, 11-26
finding filenames, 10-2
inconsistency with data dictionary, 11-25, 11-29
log sequence numbers and, 2-5
loss of, 11-49-11-50
media recovery and, 2-13
mirrored, loss of, 11-49
multiplexed, 2-19
privileges to backup, 10-9
purpose, 1-4
restore destination, 8-31
standby database, 11-34
V$BACKUP view and, 10-6
control file backup
definition, 2-23
CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter, 8-31, 11-50
coordinated, time-based, distributed database recovery, 11-2
copy command, 8-28
corrupt datafile blocks
records in control file, 8-21
setting maximum for backup, 9-7
corruption detection, 7-18
CREATE CONTROLFILE command
DATAFILE clause, 11-50
standby database, effect on, 11-39
CREATE DATAFILE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-13, 11-38
CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-34
creating
standby database, 11-34
cumulative export, 10-14
cumulative incremental backup, 7-13
cumulative operand
backup command, 8-23

D

data dictionary
inconsistencies with control file, 11-25, 11-29
views, 10-5
database
altering physical structure
standby database, impact on, 11-37
archiving modes, 2-14, 2-18
backing up, 9-2
using Recovery Manager, 8-20
closed
recovery, 11-3
db identifier, 8-3
disaster recovery planning, 11-34, 11-42
files
listing for backup, 10-2
incarnations
information about, 8-17
listing, 8-13
incremental backup
Recovery Manager, 8-22
modes
NOARCHIVELOG, 2-14
physical structure, 1-4, 1-7, 4-5, 6-13
point-in-time recovery, 9-11
recovery
after control file damage, 11-50
procedures, 11-1, 11-52
recovery after using RESETLOGS option, 3-9
registering in recovery catalog, 8-2-8-3
resynchronizing with recovery catalog, 8-4
shutdown for backups, 9-2
standby, 11-34, 11-42
activating, 11-37
creating, 11-34
maintaining, 11-35
startup
recovery during, 11-4
whole database backup, 10-2, 10-4
Recovery Manager, 8-22
database buffers
checkpoints and, 2-5
database option
list command, 8-17
DATABASE parameter
RECOVER command, 11-3
database structures
archived redo logs, 1-6
control files, 1-4
datafiles, 1-5
online redo log, 1-4
physical, 1-4, 1-7, 4-5, 6-13
redo log files, 1-4
rollback segment, 1-6
database writer process (DBWR)
checkpoints and, 2-5
datafile, 1-5
adding to primary database
effect on standby database, 11-37
backing up, 2-23, 2-25, 9-3
offline, 10-8
online, 10-4
using Recovery Manager, 8-20
backup needed, listing, 8-14-8-15
backup sets
listing, 8-17
backups, listing, 8-12
checking backup status, 10-6
converting name for standby use, 11-36
copies to be deleted, listing, 8-16
copies, listing, 8-12, 8-18
copying, 2-25
advantages, 8-28
to disk, 9-6
deleting copy of, 8-6
deleting record of, 8-6
listing, 8-16
for backup, 10-2
loss of, 11-44
marking copy as available, 8-7
marking copy as unavailable, 8-7
missing after recovery, 11-25, 11-29
named in control files, 2-18
naming
for primary and standby databases, 11-35
overview, 1-5
recovery
guidelines, 8-36
without backup, 11-13
recovery creation, 11-13
registering, 8-2
renaming
effect on standby database, 11-38
restore destination, 8-31
restoring, 8-29
guidelines, 8-32
when database is open, 9-9
switching, 8-35
unrecoverable, listing, 8-14
usage, 1-5
viewing
backup status, 10-6
files needing recovery, 11-12
DATAFILE clause
CREATE CONTROLFILE command, 11-50
DATAFILE ONLINE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-27, 11-31
datafile option
list command, 8-17
DATAFILE parameter
RECOVER command, 11-4
days option
report command, 8-15
db identifier, 8-3
DB_FILE_STANDBY_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter, 11-36
for primary and standby databases, 11-39
DB_NAME initialization parameter, 2-19
DB_VERIFY utility, 10-4
DBA_DATA_FILES view, 10-5
delete operand
change command, 8-7
delete script command, 8-19
deleting
file records using Recovery Manager, 8-7
files using Recovery Manager, 8-7
recovery catalog record, 8-7
stored scripts, 8-19
device_type_list option
list backupset command, 8-18
report command, 8-14
devices
backup, finding, 9-2
disaster recovery
planning for, 11-34, 11-42
disk failure, 1-3
distributed database
change-based recovery, 11-2
coordinated time-based recovery, 11-2
media recovery and snapshots, 11-3
recovery in, 11-2
taking backups, 3-6
distributed database system
recovery, 11-2
duplexing archived redo log, 2-14

E

End Online Tablespace Backup dialog, 10-6
Enterprise Backup Utility, 5-3
Enterprise Manager
Apply Recovery Archives dialog box, 11-3, 11-23
applying log files, 11-5
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL TIME statement, 11-27
SET AUTORECOVERY ON statement, 11-6
Shutdown Database dialog box, 11-21, 11-25, 11-50
Shutdown Abort mode, 11-10
STARTUP command
RECOVER option, 11-4
Startup Database dialog box, 11-26
Enterprise Manager Startup dialog box, 11-22
environment variables
NLS_DATE_FORMAT, 6-11
NLS_LANG, 6-11
errors
archiver process, 2-17
execute script command, 8-18
Export utility, 2-26, 5-3
backups and, 2-26, 3-5
exports, types of, 10-14
read consistency and, 10-13
using for backup, 10-13
exports
complete, 10-14
cumulative, 10-14
incremental, 10-14
modes, 10-13

F

failure
archiving redo log files, 2-17
disk, 1-3
during checkpoints, 2-7
hardware, 1-3
instance, 1-3
media, 1-3, 11-43
multiplexed online redo logs and, 2-8
process, 1-3
statement, 1-3
system, 1-3
user error, 1-3
file recovery, 1-5
file_name_pattern option
list command, 8-18
filenames
listing for backup, 10-2
files
marking as unavailable, 8-7
filesperset operand
backup command, 8-24
format operand
backup command, 8-20
fractured block detection, 7-27
from backup operand
restore command, 8-32
from backupset/datafilecopy operand
restore command, 8-33
from copy operand
restore command, 8-32
from/until time option
list command, 8-18
full backup, 7-12

G

group, redo log
archived redo log, 11-45
online redo log, 11-45

H

hardware failure, 1-3

I

I/O device
releasing in Recovery Manager, 8-11
I/O errors
effect on backup, 8-20
image copies, 7-17
cataloging, 7-28
user created, 7-18
Import utility, 10-13
database recovery and, 10-14
procedure for using, 10-14
inactive online redo log
loss of, 11-46
incarnation of database
information about, 8-17
incomplete recovery
change-based, 11-30, 11-34
procedures for, 11-21, 11-34
time-based, 11-25, 11-29
inconsistent whole database backups
definition, 2-22
incremental backup, 7-12, 9-6
limitations of, 8-23
Recovery Manager, 8-22
incremental export, 10-14
incremental option
report command, 8-14
init.ora file, 8-35
initialization parameters
COMPATIBLE, 11-39
CONTROL_FILES, 8-31, 11-50
for primary and standby databases, 11-39
DB_FILE_STANDBY_NAME_CONVERT, 11-36
for primary and standby databases, 11-39
DB_NAME, 2-19
for primary and standby databases, 11-39
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST, 11-5, 11-23, 11-27
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT, 11-5
LOG_ARCHIVE_START, 2-16
LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL, 2-6
LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT, 2-6
LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT, 2-7
LOG_FILE_STANDBY_NAME_CONVERT, 11-36
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS, 11-11
RECOVERY_PARALLELISM, 11-10
installing
recovery catalog, 8-2
instance
failures in, 1-3
recovery during startup, 11-4
integrity checking, 7-26
interrupting media recovery, 11-9

L

list backupset command, 8-18
device_type_list option, 8-18
LIST command, 7-23
list command, 8-12, 9-13
database option, 8-17
datafile option, 8-17
file_name_pattern option, 8-18
from/until time option, 8-18
list_object_list option, 8-17
list_operand option, 8-18
list_qualifier option, 8-18
redundancy option, 8-15-8-16
tablespace option, 8-17
tag option, 8-18
list copy command, 8-18
list incarnation of database command, 8-4
list_object_list option
list command, 8-17
list_operand option
list command, 8-17-8-18
list_qualifier option
list command, 8-18
log files
converting name for standby use, 11-36
log sequence number
control files and, 2-5
multiplexed redo logs and, 2-8
preserving after recovery, 11-23-11-24, 11-27-11-28, 11-32
requested during recovery, 11-4
resetting after recovery, 11-24, 11-28
resetting to 1, 11-23, 11-27, 11-32
log switch record
recovery catalog, 8-5
log switches
description, 2-4
log sequence numbers, 2-5
mirrored redo log files and, 2-9
log writer process (LGWR)
archiver process (ARCH) and, 2-13
manual archiving and, 2-17
multiplexed redo log files and, 2-8
online redo logs available for use, 2-3
trace files and, 2-9
writing to online redo log files, 2-2-2-3
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter, 11-5, 11-23, 11-27
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT initialization parameter, 11-5
LOG_ARCHIVE_START initialization parameter, 2-16
LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL parameter, 2-6
LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT parameter, 2-6
LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT initialization parameter, 2-7
LOG_FILE_STANDBY_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter, 11-36
logical backup
definition, 2-26
LOGSOURCE parameter
SET command, 11-5
loss of inactive log group, 11-46

M

manual archiving, 2-17
maxopenfiles limit
setlimit channel command, 8-12, 8-21, 8-39
media failure, 1-3
archived redo log file loss, 11-48
complete recovery procedures, 11-15, 11-21
control file loss, 11-49-11-50
datafile loss, 11-44
description, 11-43
NOARCHIVELOG mode, 11-9
online redo log group loss, 11-45
online redo log loss, 11-45
recovery
distributed databases, 11-2
recovery procedures
examples, 11-43, 11-52
Media Management Library (MML), 5-5
Media Manager vendor, 5-6
media recovery, 4-6-4-7
applying archived redo logs, 11-4
at instance startup, 11-4
cancel-based, 11-21
change-based, 11-21, 11-30, 11-34
commands, 11-11-11-12
completion of, 11-17-11-18, 11-20
deciding which files need recovery, 11-12
distributed database
coordinated time-based, 11-2
error messages, 11-8
errors with redo log files, 11-8
from NOARCHIVELOG mode, 11-9
interrupting, 11-9
lost files
lost archived redo log files, 11-48
lost control files, 11-49
lost datafiles, 11-44
lost mirrored control files, 11-49
NOARCHIVELOG mode, 11-9
online redo log files, 11-45
open database-offline tablespace, 11-17
preparing for, 11-11, 11-15
procedures for complete, 11-15, 11-21
procedures for incomplete, 11-21, 11-34
requirements of incomplete, 11-23, 11-27, 11-32
restoring
archived redo log files, 11-14
damaged files, 11-13
whole database backups, 11-9
resuming after interruption, 11-9
snapshots and, 11-3
starting, 11-14
successfully applied redo logs, 11-8
SYSTEM tablespace, 11-17, 11-19
time-based, 11-21
time-based incomplete, 11-25, 11-29
undamaged tablespaces online, 11-17
using Recovery Manager, 8-35
mirrored control file
loss of, 11-49
mirrored online redo log, 2-8
loss of, 11-45
loss of member, 11-45
mode
ARCHIVELOG, 1-6, 2-15
NOARCHIVELOG, 1-6, 2-14
recovery from failure, 11-9
MOUNT option
STARTUP command, 11-22, 11-26
MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-35, 11-41
multiplexed
control files, 2-19
redo log files, 2-8
multiplexed backup sets, 7-22

N

name operand
allocate channel command, 8-11
NLS_DATE_FORMAT environment variable, 6-11, 9-4, 9-11
NLS_LANG environment variable, 6-11, 9-4, 9-11
NOARCHIVELOG mode
backing up, 9-2
backup options, 3-5
datafile loss in, 11-44
definition, 2-14
disadvantages, 11-9
distributed database backups, 3-6
overview, 1-6
recovery from, 11-9
strategies for backups in, 3-7
nochecksum operand
backup command, 8-23
noncumulative incremental backup, 7-14
NORESETLOGS option, 11-23-11-25
ALTER DATABASE COMMAND
backing up control file, 10-11
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-50

O

object list
recover command, 8-38
offline backups, 3-2
OFFLINE option
ALTER TABLESPACE command, 10-8
online backups, 3-2
ONLINE option
ALTER TABLESPACE command, 10-9
online redo log, 1-4, 2-2, 2-12, 11-46
active group, 11-45
applying during recovery, 11-4
archived group, 11-45
current group, 11-45
inactive group, 11-45
listing log files for backup, 10-2
loss of
recovery, 11-45, 11-48
loss of active group, 11-48
loss of all members, 11-45
loss of group, 11-45
loss of mirrored members, 11-45
multiple group loss, 11-48
multiplexed, 1-5
overview, 1-4
preserving log sequence number, 11-23, 11-32
resetting
effect of, 11-23-11-24
procedures, 11-23, 11-25
resetting log sequence number, 11-23, 11-32
status of members, 11-45
online redo logs
backing up, 3-9
clearing, 11-36
OPEN DATABASE
RESETLOGS option, 3-9
open database backup
fractured block detection during, 7-27
OPEN option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-50
OPEN RESETLOGS option
ALTER DATABASE command, 8-4, 11-10, 11-24, 11-28, 11-32
operating system backup, 5-2
ORA-01578 error message, 11-42
Oracle Enterprise Manager, 5-3
Oracle8 utilities
Recovery Manager, 7-2
OS utilities, 9-8

P

PARALLEL clause
RECOVER command, 11-11
parallel recovery, 11-10
Parallel Server
backups and, 9-5
checkpoints and, 2-6
threads of online redo log, 2-12
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS initialization parameter, 11-11
parallelization, 7-20
factors affecting degree of, 7-20
parms operand
restore command, 8-34
password file
connecting to Recovery Manager with, 6-7
connecting to Recovery Manager without, 6-7
using with Recovery Manager, 6-6
performance
checkpoint effect, 2-5
physical database structures, 1-4, 1-7, 4-5, 6-13
physical schema record
recovery catalog, 8-6
point-in-time recovery
database, 4-5, 9-11
tablespace, 4-5
print script command, 8-19
privileges
backing up
control files, 10-9
process failure, 1-3

Q

querying
recovery catalog, 9-13

R

read consistency
Export utility and, 10-13
read-only tablespaces
backing up, 9-2
effect on recovery, 11-42
recovering, 11-42
readrate limit
setlimit channel command, 8-12
RECOVER AUTOMATIC LOGFILE option
ALTER DATABASE command, 11-7
RECOVER clause
ALTER DATABASE, 11-4
RECOVER command
DATABASE parameter, 11-3
DATAFILE parameter, 11-4
PARALLEL clause, 11-11
TABLESPACE parameter, 11-3
unrecoverable objects and standby databases, 11-42
recover command, 8-35, 8-38
Recovery Manager, 4-2
RECOVER DATABASE command, 11-50
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CANCEL statement, 11-23
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CHANGE statement, 11-31
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL TIME statement, 11-27
RECOVER FROM...STANDBY DATABASE command, 11-35, 11-41
RECOVER option
STARTUP command, 11-4
RECOVER...FROM parameter
ALTER DATABASE comman, 11-5
recovery, 9-9
after control file damage, 11-50
after using RESETLOGS option, 3-9
applying redo logs during, 11-4
cancel-based, 4-6
procedures, 11-21
change-based, 4-6, 11-30, 11-34
closed database, 11-3
commands, 11-11-11-12
Recovery Manager, 8-37
database startup, during, 11-4
datafile
guidelines for, 8-36
without backup, 11-13
distributed database, 11-2
with snapshots, 11-3
dropped table, 11-51
from media failure
examples, 11-43, 11-52
Import utility, 10-14
interrupting, 11-9
lost control file, 11-49
media, 4-6-4-7, 11-1
complete, 4-6
control files and, 2-13
disabled, 2-14
enabled, 2-15
incomplete, 4-6
offline tablespaces in open database, 11-3
parallel processes for, 11-10
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS parameter, 11-11
planning, 4-1, 4-7
point-in-time, 4-5
database, 9-11
preparing for, 11-11, 11-15
privileges required, 11-14
procedures for complete, 11-15, 11-21
procedures for incomplete, 11-21, 11-34
querying for files considered, 11-8
read-only tablespaces, 11-42
recover command, 9-9
restarting, 11-9
roll forward phase, 11-4
setting number of processes to use, 11-10
SQL commands for, 11-4
strategies, 4-1, 4-7
testing, 4-5
time-based, 4-6, 11-25, 11-29
types
distributed database system and, 11-2
unrecoverable objects and, 11-41-11-42
using Import utility, 10-14
when database is open, 9-9
recovery catalog, 6-2, 6-6, 7-5, 8-2, 8-9
archivelog copy record, 8-6
backup, 6-5
backup history record, 8-6
complex queries using report, 9-13
connecting to Recovery Manager with, 6-8
connecting to Recovery Manager without, 6-7
definition, 4-4
deleting record, 8-7
installing, 8-2
log switch record, 8-5
operating without, 7-7
physical schema record, 8-6
querying, 8-12, 9-13
recovery of lost or damaged, 8-9
registering databases, 8-2-8-3
resynchronizing, 6-6, 8-4
schema, 6-2
setting up, 6-4
space requirements for, 6-3
updating, 8-4
after schema changes, 8-5
Recovery Manager, 5-2, 8-19
backup
fractured block detection, 7-27
scenario, 8-27
backup types, 7-10
command file, 6-10
commands
allocate channel, 8-10, 8-28, 8-36
allocate channel for delete, 8-7, 9-8
backup, 8-21, 9-7
catalog, 8-2, 8-8
change, 8-6-8-7
change...delete, 8-8
copy, 8-28
delete script, 8-19
execute script, 8-18
list, 8-12, 9-13
list backupset, 8-18
list copy, 8-18
list incarnation of database, 8-4
print script, 8-19
recover, 8-35, 9-9
register database, 8-3
release channel, 8-11
replace script, 8-19
replicate, 8-31
report deletable, 8-16
report need backup, 8-13
report need backup days, 8-15
report schema, 8-16
report unrecoverable, 8-14
reset database, 8-4
reset database to incarnation, 8-4
restore, 9-9
resync catalog from backup controlfile, 8-6, 8-9
set newname, 8-32, 8-35
setlimit channel, 8-11
switch, 8-35
connecting with password file, 6-7
connecting with recovery catalog, 6-8
connecting without password file, 6-7
connecting without recovery catalog, 6-7
connection options, 6-7
copying datafiles with, 9-6
deleting file records, 8-7
deleting files, 8-7
deleting recovery catalog record, 8-7
fractured block detection in, 7-27
general connect, 6-7
interactive use of, 6-9
introduction, 7-2
recover command, 4-2
recovery catalog, 4-4
recovery catalog required, 8-2
recovery commands, 8-37
registering databases, 8-3
reset database to incarnation, 8-17
resetting database information, 8-4
running commands, 6-8, 6-12
sample scripts, 6-11
scenarios, 9-1, 9-14
setting time parameters, 6-11
stored scripts, 6-10, 7-9
types of backups, 8-22
user tags for backups, 7-24
RECOVERY_PARALLELISM initialization parameter, 11-10
redo entries
content of, 2-2
redo log
definition, 4-3
listing log files for backup, 10-2
redo log buffers
writing of, 2-2
redo log files, 1-4
"fuzzy" data in backups and, 3-8
active (current), 2-4
archived
advantages of, 2-12
automatic, 2-16
contents of, 2-14
control files and, 2-13
errors in archiving, 2-17
log switches and, 2-4
manually, 2-17
mechanics of archiving, 2-12
archived logs, 1-6
available for use, 2-3
contents of, 2-2
distributed transaction information in, 2-3
files named in control file, 2-18
groups, 2-8
inactive, 2-4
log sequence numbers of, 2-5
log switches, 2-4
log writer process, 2-3
manual archiving, 2-17
members, 2-8
mirrored
archiver process (ARCH) and, 2-13
if all inaccessible, 2-9
if some inaccessible, 2-9
log switches and, 2-9
multiplexed, 2-8
diagrammed, 2-8
purpose of, 1-5
naming, 11-5
online, 2-2
after checkpoint failure, 2-7
recovery use of, 2-2
requirement of two, 2-3
threads of, 2-12
overview, 1-4
redo entries, 2-2
redo record
definition, 4-3
redundancy option
list command, 8-15-8-16
register database command, 8-2-8-3
registering
archivelog, 8-2
datafile, 8-2
release channel command, 8-11
replace script command, 8-19
replicate command, 8-31
REPORT command, 7-23
report command, 9-13
days option, 8-15
device_type_list option, 8-14
incremental option, 8-14
report_object_list option, 8-13
using for complex recovery catalog queries, 9-13
REPORT DELETABLE command, 7-23
report deletable command, 8-16
report generation, 7-23
REPORT NEED BACKUP command, 7-23
report need backup command, 8-13
report need backup days command, 8-15
report schema command, 8-16
REPORT UNRECOVERABLE command, 7-23
report unrecoverable command, 8-14
report_object_list option
report command, 8-13
reports
generating, 8-12
reset database command, 8-4
reset database to incarnation command, 8-4, 8-17
RESETLOGS option, 11-3, 11-23, 11-25
ALTER DATABASE command
backing up control file, 10-11
database backups after using, 3-4
OPEN DATABASE, 3-9
recovery of database after using, 3-9
restore command, 9-9, 9-11, 9-13
channel operand, 8-33
from backup operand, 8-32
from backupset/datafilecopy option, 8-33
from copy operand, 8-32
parms operand, 8-34
tag operand, 8-33
until operand, 8-33
restore constraints, 7-26
restore destination
control file, 8-31
datafile, 8-31
restore specification, 8-34
list, 8-34
restoring, 9-9
backup file selection, 8-30
datafile
guidelines, 8-32
when database is open, 9-9
whole database backups, 11-9
restoring datafiles, 8-29
resuming recovery after interruption, 11-9
resync catalog from backup controlfile command, 8-6, 8-9
resynchronizing recovery catalog, 6-6
rollback segment, 1-6
definition, 4-3
rolling forward, 1-5

S

scenarios
Recovery Manager, 9-1, 9-14
schema changes
updating recovery catalog, 8-5
scripts
catrman.sql, 8-3
scripts, stored
creating, 8-19
deleting, 8-19
printing, 8-19
sequence change number(SCN)
format, 11-31
sequential media
backups to, 5-5
set archivelog destination limit
setlimit channel command, 8-32
SET AUTORECOVERY ON statement, 11-6
SET command
LOGSOURCE parameter, 11-5
set newname command, 8-29, 8-32, 8-35
set newname limit
setlimit channel command, 8-31
Set Tablespace Offline dialog, 10-8
Set Tablespace Online dialog, 10-9
set until limit
setlimit channel command, 8-30, 8-36
setlimit channel command, 8-11
maxopenfiles limit, 8-12, 8-21, 8-39
readrate limit, 8-12
set archivelog destination limit, 8-32
set newname limit, 8-31
set until limit, 8-30, 8-36
setmaxcorrupt clause
backup command, 9-7
shutdown
checkpoints and, 2-6
SHUTDOWN command
ABORT option, 11-10, 11-21, 11-25, 11-50
Shutdown Database dialog box
Abort mode, 11-21, 11-25
Enterprise Manager, 11-50
Shutdown Abort mode, 11-10
skip inaccessible option
backup command, 9-7
skip offline option
backup command, 9-2, 9-7
skip read only option
backup command, 9-2
skipping tablespaces during backup, 9-2
snapshot control file, 7-9
snapshots
distributed database recovery and, 11-3
media recovery and, 11-3
SQL commands
applying log files, 11-6
for recovering tablepace, 11-6
recovery using, 4-2, 11-4
standby database, 11-34, 11-42
activating, 11-37
control file for, 11-34
creating, 11-34
effect of altering primary database, 11-37
maintaining, 11-35
mounting, 11-37
starting a database
recovery during, 11-4
STARTUP command
MOUNT option, 11-22, 11-26
RECOVER option, 11-4
Startup Database dialog box, 11-26
statement failure, 1-3
stored scripts, 7-9, 8-18
creating, 8-19
deleting, 8-19
printing, 8-19
Recovery Manager, 6-10
switch command, 8-35
system change number (SCN)
definition, 4-3
use in distributed recovery, 11-3
when determined, 2-2
system failure, 1-3
SYSTEM tablespace
backing up, 10-8
media failure in ARCHIVELOG mode, 11-44
recovery of, 11-17, 11-19
system time, changing
effect on recovery, 11-21

T

table
dropped
recovery, 11-51
tablespace option
list command, 8-17
TABLESPACE parameter
RECOVER command, 11-3
tablespaces
backing up, 9-2-9-3
backing up offline, 10-8
backing up online, 10-4
backing up several online, 10-7
backups and checkpoints, 2-6
frequency of backups, 3-3
listing backup sets including datafiles from, 8-17
read-only
backing up, 9-2
effect on recovery, 11-42
recovering offline in open database, 11-3
restoring
when database is open, 9-9
skipping during backup, 9-2
tag operand
backup command, 8-23
list command, 8-18
restore command, 8-33
threads
online redo log, 2-12
time format
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL TIME statement, 11-27
time parameters, setting for Recovery Manager use, 6-11
time-based recovery, 4-6, 11-25, 11-29
archived redo log, 11-49
coordinated in distributed database, 11-2
trace file
ARCH, 2-17
control file backups to, 10-10
log writer process and, 2-9
transactions
committing
writing redo log buffers and, 2-2
rollback, 1-6
uncommitted, 1-6
type disk operand
allocate channel command, 8-10
type operand
allocate channel command, 8-10

U

unavailable operand
change command, 8-7
uncatalog operand
change command, 8-7
unrecoverable objects
and RECOVER operation, 11-42
recovery and, 11-41-11-42
until operand
restore command, 8-33
user errors
database failure and, 1-3
recovery from, 11-51
user tags, 7-24
user-created backup file
cataloging, 8-8
USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE parameter, 11-23, 11-31
utilities
OS, using to make copies, 9-8
Recovery Manager, 7-2

V

V$BACKUP, 10-6
V$BACKUP_CORRUPTION, 8-21
V$BACKUP_DEVICE, 9-2
V$DATAFILE, 11-4, 11-27, 11-31
listing files for backup, 10-2
V$DATAFILE_HEADER, 9-10
V$LOGFILE, 11-45
listing files for backup, 10-2
V$LONGOPS, 8-21
V$RECOVER_FILE, 11-12
V$RECOVERY_FILE_STATUS, 11-8
V$RECOVERY_STATUS, 11-8
views
data dictionary, 10-5
DBA_DATA_FILES, 10-5
V$BACKUP, 10-6
V$BACKUP_CORRUPTION, 8-21
V$DATAFILE, 10-2, 11-4, 11-27, 11-31
V$LOGFILE, 10-2, 11-45
V$LONGOPS, 8-21
V$RECOVERFILE, 11-12
V$RECOVERY_FILE_STATUS, 11-8
V$RECOVERY_STATUS, 11-8

W

warning
archiving mode for first backup, 3-8
consistency and Export backups, 10-13
whole database backups, 10-2, 10-4
consistent, 2-21
definition, 2-20
inconsistent, 2-22
restoring from, 11-9


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